Term
| where is the site of photosynthesis in plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whats the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| in photosynthesis, glucose and other energy rich molecules are MADE through a process that requires energy from the sun. In cellular respiration, energy is OBTAINED from glucose and other energy rich molecules. |
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Term
| what does photosynthesis use as the carbon source? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does photosynthesis use as the energy source? |
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Definition
sunlight
Energy is absorbed from the sun and makes glucose. |
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Term
| What type of chemical reaction is photosynthesis? WHY? |
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Definition
| Endergonic; Because energy has to be added to it for it to happen |
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Term
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Definition
| the green pigment that gives a leaf its color, also responsible for the absorption of the light energy that drives photosynthesis, located in thylakoid membrane |
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Term
| Chloroplasts are primarily in cells of ___________ |
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Definition
| mesophyll (in the leaf interior) |
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Term
| CO2 and H2O enter the leaf through pores called ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Water is absorbed by the roots and transported to the leaves through the ________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Chloroplasts contain the _________ and the _________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| flattened membranous sacs inside the chloroplast |
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Term
| where is chlorophyll located? |
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Definition
| in the thylakoid membrane |
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Term
| The thylakoids are arranged in stacks called ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The thylakoids are where the ________________ reactions occur |
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Definition
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Term
| what 2 reactions does photosynthesis consist of? |
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Definition
light dependent and light independent
(occur in 2 different regions of the chloroplast) |
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Term
| In light-dependent reactions: |
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Definition
| Sunlight is converted into chemical energy that is stored in energy-carrier molecules called ATP and NADPH |
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Term
| what is released by light-dependent reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| where do light-dependent reactions occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| in light-independent reactions: |
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Definition
| The chemical energy in the carrier molecules (ATP and NADPH) is used to make glucose, and other organic molecules |
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Term
| where do Light-independent reactions occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fluid-filled space outside the thylakoids within the chloroplast |
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Term
| formula for light-dependent reaction: |
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Definition
| H20+NADPH+ADP=>O2+[NADPH]+[ATP] |
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Term
| formula for light-independent reaction: |
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Definition
| CO2+[NADPH]+[ATP]+H2O=>C6H12C6+ADP+NADP+ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what 2 properties does light energy have? |
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Definition
| both wavelike and particle-like properties |
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Term
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Definition
| -shorter wavelength light has higher energy and longer wavelength light has lower energy -electromagnetic spectrum (gamma rays 10-3nm to 103 radio waves) -visible light (400nm to 750nm) |
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Term
| Particle-like properties: |
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Definition
| discrete particles called photons |
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Term
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Definition
| are substances that absorb visible light |
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Term
| what are 2 accessory pigments? |
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Definition
| carotenoids and phycocyanins |
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Term
| Why do leaves change colors in the Fall? |
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Definition
| during spring and summer, chlorophyll a and b are the primary pigments used while photosynthesis levels are high but during the fall, photosynthesis levels decrease and chlorophyll a and b are broken down and the accessory pigments are the dominant pigment |
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Term
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Definition
| the assemblies which turn light energy into chemical energy in the thylakoid membranes (Chlorophyll, proteins, and the accessory pigments) |
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Term
| Components of a photosystem: |
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Definition
1. Light-harvesting complex
2. Reaction-center chlorophyll
3. Electron transport system |
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Term
| What is the purpose of having two photosystems in the light-dependent reactions? |
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Definition
| The two generate different energy carriers |
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Term
| in light-dependent reactions, As the electrons flow down the PS-II electron transport system, ATP is generated by __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| When less water is available during a drought, why is the rate of photosynthesis in plants reduced? |
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Definition
| Fewer electrons are around to fuel the ETC |
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Term
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Definition
is the coupling of electron flow down an electron transport chain to ATP production by creation of a gradient across the membrane.
The proton gradient drives ATP synthesis as protons diffuse back across the
membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| the coupling of electron flow down an electron transport chain to ATP production by creation of a gradient across the membrane |
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Term
| PS-II generates ____ by chemiosmosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| both ATP and NADPH act as sources of ____________ |
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Definition
| stored chemical energy or Potential energy |
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Term
| what is the calvin-benson cycle? |
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Definition
| (a.k.a. The C3 cycle) is the cycle of reactions in photosynthesis in which atmospheric carbon CO2 is fixed (carbon fixation) using ATP and NADPH |
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Term
| where does the calvin-benson cycle occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What energy source is used in the calvin-benson cycle? |
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Definition
| NADPH and ATP chemical energy. no direct light energy is required. |
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Term
| The Calvin-Benson Cycle is divided into 3 phases: |
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Definition
1. Carbon fixation
2. G3P (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) synthesis ATP is used ,NADPH is used
3. Regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) Sugar carbons are shuffled around to make 3 5-carbon sugars from 5 3-carbon sugars |
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Term
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Definition
acquiring Carbon from the atmosphere and incorporating it into a larger organic molecule. RuBP is converted to PGA.
occurs during the C3 cycle |
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Term
| what happens in the C3 cycle? |
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Definition
carbon fixation 1st, where carbon is taken out of the atmosphere and incorporating it into a larger organic molecule and RuBP is converted into PGA. 2- the PGA is converted into G3P using energy from the NADPH and ATP from the light-dependent reaction. 3- 2 G3P molecules are made into glucose. The remaining G3P molecules are made back into RuBP. Requires ATP energy.
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Term
| In the Calvin cycle, where do the carbons used to synthesize glucose originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle related? |
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Definition
| The energy-carrier molecules of the light- dependent reactions fuel the Calvin cycle |
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Term
| What is responsible for the beautiful shades of red, orange, and gold in autumn leaves? |
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Definition
| Accessory pigments become visible after chlorophyll breaks down |
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Term
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Definition
transforms light energy trapped by chloroplasts into chemical bond energy and stores that energy in sugar and other organic molecules
•Synthesis of energy-rich organic molecules (glucose) from energy-poor molecules (CO2 and H2O) |
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Term
| ____ are the major organs of photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| requires sunlight; occurs in the thylakoid b/c that's where chlorophyll is located; occurs during the daytime |
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Term
| Light independent reaction |
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Definition
| independent of sunlight; occurs in the stroma; occurs 24/7 |
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Term
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Definition
| is the pigment which is the key light-capturing molecule in thylakoid membranes. |
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Term
| In the light-independent reaction, the chemical energy stored from the light dependent reaction is used... |
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Definition
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