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Definition
| Prokaryotic method of cell division in which the DNA is replicated in a different part of the cell and then an extension of the cell wall (septum) divides the cell in 2. |
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Term
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Definition
Gap 1- Usual cell functions
Synthesis- DNA is replicated
Gap 2- Usual Cell functions
Interphase- Includes G1, Synthesis, and G2
Mitotic Phase- Cell begins to divide. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cellular structure that acts as an organizing center for the assembly of microtubules. Duplicates and moves to the poles to get ready and pull the chromatids/chromosomes apart. |
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Definition
| A molecular complex composed of DNA and associated proteins that makes up chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of two identical strands of chromatin that make up a chromosome in the duplicated state. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The physical seperation of one cell into 2. |
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Definition
| Proteins that speed up or enable a chemical reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of physical inheritance among living things. |
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Term
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Definition
| The complete collection of an organism's genetic information. |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar chromosome that code for the same functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Portion in the cell cycle when the cell carries out its normal function as well as duplicating its DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pictoral arrangement of a genome. |
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Term
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Definition
| An equatorial plane where chromosomes align and seperate during Metaphase. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein fibers that are part of a cell's cytoskeleton and assist in pulling chromosomes apart during cell division. |
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Term
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Definition
| The separation of a cell's duplicated chromosomes prior to cytokinesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Portion of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Microtubules active in cell division. |
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Term
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Definition
| Haploid reproductive cells. (Sperm or Egg) |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell containing only one set of chromosomes. (Gamete) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell containing two sets of chromosomes (Somatic Cell) |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in which a single diploid cell divides to make 4 haploid reproductive cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| When two homologous chromosomes pair up during metaphase I. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process occuring during Meiosis in which homologous chromosomes exchange similar portions of themselves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Random distribution of homologous chromosome pairs during meiosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes that determine which sex an individual will be. (X & Y) |
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Term
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Definition
| Starting female cells in gamete formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Starting male cells in gamete formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Female cells that undergo meiosis to create an egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| Male cells that undergo Meiosis to create 4 sperm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonfunctional cells created during meiosis in females. |
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Term
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Definition
| The repeating series of steps that occur in the reproduction of an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| The union of two reproductive cells to create a new organism. |
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Definition
| Reproduction that does not involve sex. |
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Definition
| Having one plant pollinate another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physiological feature of an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An alternative form of a gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differing characteristics in organisms result from two alleles that separate in gamete formation, such that each gamete gets only one of the two alleles. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that has 2 identical alleles of a gene for a specific characteristic. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that has differing alleles for a characteristic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Term used to designate an allele that is expressed in a heterozygous condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Term used to designate an allele that is not expressed in the heterozygous condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Using only 1 characteristic in a punnet square. |
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Term
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Definition
| using 2 characteristics in a punnet square. |
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Term
| Law of independent assortment |
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Definition
| During gamete formation, gene pairs assort independently of one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A genetic condition in which the heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between either of the homozygous phenotypes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition in which 2 alleles of a given gene have different phenotypic effects, with both effects manifesting in organisms that are heterozygous for the gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| When 3 or more alleles of the same gene exist in a population. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inheritance of a genetic character that is determined by the interaction of multiple genes, with each gene having a small additive effect on the character. |
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Term
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Definition
| Distribution of values that is symmetrical and largest around the average. |
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Term
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Definition
| The phenomenon of one gene having many effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic disorder that will not exist in the presence of a functional allele. |
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Term
| autosomal recessive disorder |
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Definition
| a recessive dysfunction related to an autosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who does not suffer from a recessive genetic debilitation, but who carries an allele for it that can be passed on. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic conditions in which a single faulty allele can cause damage despite a second "good" allele. |
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Term
| autosomal dominant disorder |
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Definition
| dominant genetic disorder caused by a faulty allele that lies on an autosomal chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| familial history intended to track genetic conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which one or more entire sets of chromosomes has been added to a genome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition in which an organism has either more or less chromosomes than normal. |
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Term
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Definition
| a failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition caused by aneuploidy thereby adding an extra chromosome 21. |
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Term
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Definition
| when a chromosome fragment breaks off and does not re-attach anywhere |
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Term
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Definition
| when a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattaches backwards or upside down. |
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Term
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Definition
| When 2 chromosomes that are not homologous exchange fragments. |
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Term
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Definition
| The investigation of life at the molecular level. |
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Term
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Definition
| The essential building block of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that move along each strand of DNA, joining together nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| Permanent alteration of DNA base sequence. |
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Term
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Definition
| a mutation of a single base pair in a genome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells other than eggs or sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that become egg or sperm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which DNA is duplicated onto mRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which mRNA is read by ribosomes to create a protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unwinds the DNA sequence and then pairs a string of RNA nucleotides to it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Each coding triplet of mRNA bases which represent a single amino acid. |
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Term
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Definition
| inventory of linkages between codons and which amino acids they code for. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of RNA which brings an amino acid to a ribosome and binds with a specific codon on the mRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The triplet combination on a tRNA which compliments a specific codon on mRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of RNA that makes of ribosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| helps RNA polymerase align with a gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in which a single primary transcript can be edited in different ways to yield multiple messenger RNA's. |
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