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Definition
| biochemical reaction that acquires and uses energy |
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Why do organisms need energy? 4 Reasons |
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Definition
combat entropy build new structures repair/break down old structures reproduce |
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| How do organisms obtain energy? |
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Sun inorganic chemicals consumers/producers/decomposers |
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| the ability of an organism to maintain its internal enviorment despite condition in the exernal enviorment |
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| involves a single parent so the parent and offspring are identical |
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| increasing number and size |
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| taking a cell from immature to mature |
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| immediate response to a stimulus positive or negative |
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| an inherited begavior or characteristic that enables an organism to survive and reproduce |
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| 30 to 50 percent of an organism disappears |
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| the enhanced survival and reproductive success of individuals whose ingerited traits better adapt them to a particular enviorment |
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| place organisms into groups based upon evolutionary relationships |
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| broadest most inclusive group |
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| What are the three domains? |
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| bacteria, archea, Eukarya |
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Which one has a nuclei Prokartoyes or eukaryotes? |
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| all life made of cells all cells came from pre-exsisting cells |
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Definition
| Protista,plantea,fungi,animalia |
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| tentative explantion of what will happen |
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| widely accepted explanation |
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| Statement of what always occurs |
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Definition
| Smallest piece of an element that retains the characteristics of that element |
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| Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles which are: |
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Definition
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Term
| Electron has a _____charge is used for _____ and is located in the ____ and has ____ mass. |
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Definition
| negative bonding orbitals 0 |
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Term
| Neutron has a ____ charge is used for___ and is located in ____ and has ____ mass |
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Definition
| neutral, stabilize nucleua, nucleaus, 1 |
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Term
| Proton has a ____ Charge is used for ______ is located in the ____ and weighs____ |
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Definition
| positive, identity, nucleus, 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| # of protons in nucleus of an atom |
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Term
| Number of neutrons is found by subtracting the _________________ from the ______________ |
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Definition
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Definition
| atoms having the same # of protons with different number of neutrons |
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Definition
given in a table is average mass of all the elements isotopes |
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Definition
| a pure substance formed when atoms of different elements bond |
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Definition
| smallest piece of a compound that retains characteristics of that compound |
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Definition
| type of bond formed is determined by the number of valence electrons in the interacting atoms |
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Definition
a covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons pairs, STRONGEST TYPE OF BOND |
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Definition
| electrons are shared equally between atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| electrons are drawn to the atoms nucleus than the other form when less electro negative eatoms bond with more highly electro negative atoms |
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Definition
| form when oppositly charged ions are attracted to each other |
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Term
| A cation is ______ charged and a anion is _____ charged |
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Definition
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Definition
| form when opposite charges on two molecules are attracted to each other WEAKEST TYPE OF BOND |
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Term
The four properties of Water |
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Definition
| adhesion, cohesion, high heat capacity, high heat evaporation, |
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Definition
| the attraction of water molecules for other compounds |
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Definition
| the attraction of water molecules for each other |
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Term
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Definition
| takes a great deal of heat to raise temp of water |
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| High heat of vaporization |
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Definition
| alot of heat is required to evaporate water |
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Definition
| a mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent |
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Term
| An acid ___ H to a solution and a ____ removes H from a solution |
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Definition
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Definition
| molecules that contian carbon in combination with hydrogen |
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Term
Carbohydrates contain _____, _______, _______, they function to _____ ______ and provide _____ |
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Definition
carbon hydrogen and oxygen, store energy, support |
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| Monosaccharides are_____ _____ containing 3-7 ___ and contain ____, _______, ______. |
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Definition
| simple sugars, carbons,carbon hydrogen oxygen |
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Definition
| complex carbohydrates made up of hundreds of monomers linked by degydration synthesis |
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Definition
tryglycerides, phospholipides, sterols, waxes |
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Term
| Triglycerides are composed of ____ linked to 3 fatty acid chains by ________ syntheses and it functions to cushion organs as insulation and in long term _______ ______. |
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Definition
| glycerol dehydration energy storage |
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Term
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Definition
| lipid bonded to a phosphate group major component of cell membrane |
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Definition
| lipids that have 4 interconnected carbon rings |
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Definition
| fatty acids combined with hydrocarbons to help waterproof leaves and fruits. |
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| The four types of proteins |
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Definition
| primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary |
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Term
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Definition
| amino acid sequence of polypeptide chain |
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Definition
| coiling and folding produced by hydrogen bonds |
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Definition
| shape created by interaction between R groups |
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Definition
| shape created by interactinos between 2 of more polypeptides |
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Term
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Definition
| they contain carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphate, monomers are nucleotides consist of sugar phosphate and one of fice nitrogen bases |
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| DNA is a_____ helix containg ___ carbon sugars has a _____ base and is genetic material |
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Definition
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| RNA contains ___ carbon sugas is ____ base is ___ helix and enables info |
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Definition
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Definition
| first person to see the outlines of cells |
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Definition
| developed high manification lenses first recod of micro oraganisms |
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Definition
| no membrance bound organells cytoplasm ribosomes and cell wall |
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| archean cells ___ membrane bound organelles have characteristics of both eukaryotic and bacteria cells |
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Definition
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| Eukaryotic cells are between ___ and ___ in diam they are ____ and ___ bound organelles that contain ___ Molecules and some have cell walls |
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Definition
| 10,100, plasma nucleaus, membrane DNA |
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Definition
| interconnected network of membranes extending from nucleus to plasma membrane |
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Definition
| sit of protein synthese free ribosomes in the cytoplasm synthesize protein that remain in cell |
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Definition
| no ribosomes site of lipid sythese contains enzymes that detoxify drugs and poisons |
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Term
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Definition
| statcks of membran enclosed sacs links simple carbohyydrates to protein or lipids completes folding of proteins temporarly stores secretions |
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Definition
| double membrane contains dna inherited from female parent site of cellular repiration and production of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| possess three membranes other inner membrane sorround stroma contains dna found in plants and protists function in photosynthesis |
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Definition
| funtion to recycle damaged organelles break down cellular by products and destoy invading microbes |
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Definition
| found in all eukaryotic cells funtion to hel cell use oxygen and metabolize porentially toxic compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| propses that chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from once fee living beacteria enfgulfed by larger archea bc mitochondrira and chloroplasts resemble certain bacteria |
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Definition
| a phospholipid bilayer embedded with mobile proteins |
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Definition
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| cellular surface protiens |
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Definition
| enable cells to stick to each other |
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Definition
| receive and transmit messages into a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| substances that moe across phospholipids from an area of high to an area of low concetation with out using energy substance moves down its concentration gradieant |
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Term
| movement of water across molocule is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| difference in solute concentration on either side of a semipermeable membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| both solutions have the same solute concentrations |
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Term
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Definition
| substances moves through transpprt protein from an area of low to an area of high chonc. requires energy substance moves against gradiant |
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Term
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Definition
| actice transport of one substance is coupled to the passive transport of antoher |
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Term
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Definition
| vesicles move particles out of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| vescles move particles into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| hollow thick elements made of the protein tubulin functions to move chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| long elements omade of proten function to connect cells to each other and move vesicles and organells with in cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| maintain cell shap connect cells to each other and underly tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| structues that connect cells of multicellular organisms to form tissue |
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Definition
| junctioncellmembranes of adfeacent cells are fuse creating a tight seal |
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| intermediat efilaments weld cell membranes of adfacent cells together in isolated spots |
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Definition
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| channels that link the cytoplasm of adjacent cells allowing exchange of materials |
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Definition
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| channels that link the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells allowing the exchange of cytoplasm and organelles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cellular adhesion molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| fuide white blood cells to injury site and guide embryonic cells to help form placentra and establish nerve connection involved in learning and memory |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which ecells recieve amplify and respond to outside stimuli |
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Term
| what happenes to light when it strikes an object |
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Definition
reflected(bounces off) transmitted (passes through) absorbed ( used in photosynthesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| sights of photosynthesis in plants concentrated in mesophyll cells of most plants |
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Term
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Definition
| gelatinous matrix contains ribosomes dna and vrious enzymes |
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Term
photo synthesis occurs in two stages |
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Definition
| light reactions and carbon reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| harvest photon energt ro sythesize atp and nadph |
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Term
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Definition
| use energy from the light reactions to reduce co2 to carbohydrates |
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