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are organic compounds of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen
are the source of energy in all living organisms |
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simple sugar
they also act as a respiratory substrates |
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| double sugar (formed from 2 monosaccharides) |
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| polymer chains of many hunderds of monosccharides |
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| is the main energy source |
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| have same chemical formula (C6H12O6) but they have differant structural formulas |
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| as two carbohydrates molecules bond together a water molecule is produced |
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| the link formed between the two glucose molecules |
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| structural polysccharides |
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ex: cellulose {cell wall}
chitin {insict skeleton} |
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ex: glycogen {liver}
starch { in roots} |
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| is the pigment that gives the blood its color |
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| Enzymes,carrier or transport,antibodies,structural protien,hormones,contractile |
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catalyse chemical reaction
ex: amylaze |
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carries oxygen
ex:Hemoglbine |
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defence against diseases
ex: IGM |
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support cell
ex:plasma membrane protein |
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transition oftransformation
ex: ADH- insulin |
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contraction
ex:myosin actin |
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-amino group {-NH2}
- carboxyl group {-cooh} |
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| protein main chemical constituents |
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| carbon,hydrogyn,oxygen,nitrogen and some of them may contain sulpher or phosphorus |
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| protien main building block |
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| amino acid sequence in polypeptide chain |
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folded ( alpha helix and beta sheets)
and is held together by hidrogen bond between amino acid groups and carboxyl groups |
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more folded and has 3D structure
and is held together by ionic bonds, hydrogen bond, and disulphidebond |
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| contains more than one polypeptide chain |
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| due to differance in R-group |
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- protein:amino acid
-caarbohydrates:glucose
-lipids:fatty acids+ glycerol |
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| made of long hydrocarbon chain ending with carboxyl group |
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| made of long hydrocarbon chain ending with carboxyl group |
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is made of 1-glycerol
3-fatty acids |
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| phospholipids subjected to 2 water surfaces |
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- heads: toward water
-Tail:towards each other |
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form all biological membrane
- is a strucural lipid |
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