Term
| What does qualitative mean? |
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Definition
| Study of meanings, beliefs, things that cannot be mathematically quantified. |
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Term
| What does quantitive mean? |
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Definition
| Study which can be measured |
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Term
| What are the four macromolecule categories and what are the monomers of these macromolecules? |
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Definition
1) Carbohydrates; glucose
2) Lipids; fatty acids, glycerol
3) Proteins; Amino acids
4) Nucleic acids; nucleotides |
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Term
| Define monosaccharide and polysaccharide and provide examples |
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Definition
| Monosaccharide is a simple or single sugar; glucose, fructose, galactose. A polysaccharide are multiple monosaccharides joined together; starch, glycogen (energy storage for animals) and cellulose. |
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Term
| Is starch a mono- or polysaccharide? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is glucose a mono- or polysaccharide? |
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Definition
| Glucose is a monosaccharide |
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Term
| What is the different between a polar and non-polar substance? |
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Definition
| a non-polar substance has equal protons and electrons. a polar substance has an uneven ratio of protons and electrons. |
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Term
| what does hydrolysis mean? |
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Definition
| Hydrolysis is the breaking apart of a polymer with the use of the water molecule. Hydrolysis reactions breaks bonds and releases energy. |
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Term
| What does dehydration synthesis mean? |
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Definition
| Dehydration synthesis is when monomers are joined together and a water molecule is released in the process. Dehydration synthesis reactions makes bonds and require input of energy. |
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Term
| List the names of the 4 tests for the presence of macromolecules conducted in a lab setting. For each of the four tests, what type of macromolecule can it detect. |
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Definition
1) Benedict test for mono- and disaccharides
2) Iodine test for starch
3) Sudan IV test for lipids
4) Biuret test for proteins |
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Term
| Give three examples of a monosaccharide |
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Definition
glucose (most common saccharide in living organisms; ratio C H O 1:2:1
fructose
galactose
ribose and deoxyribose |
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Term
| What are the most important energy sources for most organisms? |
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Definition
| carbohydrates. this is the main function of most carbohydrates in living organisms |
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Term
| Are carbohydrates hydrophilic and why? |
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Definition
| Carbohydrates are hydrophilic/water soluble because of the polar OH functional groups. |
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Term
| What is the basic monosaccharide structure? |
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Definition
Basic monosaccharide structure includes
1) backbone of 3-7 carbon atoms
2) Many -OH and -H functional groups therefore hydrophilic
3) Usually found in ring forms in cells |
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Term
| Describe the Benedict's test. |
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Definition
| The Benedict's test looks for the presence of monosaccharides. If positive, the reagent goes from clear light blue to cloudy green, yellow or red. Needs boiling water. Adding agent when warm will create results. |
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Term
| Describe the iodine test. |
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Definition
| The Iodine test looks for the presence of starch. a polysaccharide. Iodine is brown and will turn purple/black if starch is present. Just add iodine. |
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Term
| What are the four types of lipids? |
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Definition
4 types:
Fat
Waxes
Oils
Phospholipids |
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Term
| Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the Sudan IV test. |
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Definition
| The Sudan IV test looks for the presence of lipids. It uses the red dye powder called Sudan IV. The dye will dissolve and the solution becomes red in color in presence of lipids. If there are no lipids then the solution's color does not change. |
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Term
| Describe the Biuret test. |
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Definition
| The Biruet test looks for the presence of proteins. Biruet reagent is blue but in the presence of proteins it changes to violet. |
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Term
| What are proteins made of? What are some types of proteins? |
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Definition
| Proteins are made of Amino acids. Types include keratin, enzymes, hemoglobin. |
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Term
| Describe a starch hydrolysis test. |
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Definition
| This test determines if starch, a polysaccharide, is broken down/goes through hydrolysis. The starch is mixed with hydrochloric acid which can break it down to glucose monomers when heat is applied. Iodine and Benedict's test before and after hydrolysis will confirm the change in chemical structure. |
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Term
| How do you quantify the amount of protein present in a solution? |
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Definition
| Run a Biuret's test on known concentrations of proteins. Use the spectrophotometer to read the amount of light absorbance at a specified wavelength. We can graph light absorbance and the amount of proteins in the samples. |
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