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| The school of psychology that interprets personality, behavior and mental illness in terms of responses to interrelated biological, social, cultural and environmental factors. |
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| Single long fiber extending from cell body, responsible for sending outgoing messages to cells or muscle fiber. (Up to 3 ft long) |
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| branch-like structures of neurons that extend from the cell body (soma). The dendrites receive neural impulses (electrical and chemical signals) from the axons of other neurons. THe signal always travels in the same direction- the signal comes into the neuron through the dendrite then the cell body, to the axon and then out the terminal buttons to the dendrites of the next neuron. In this way info travels all around the body by going from one neuron to another |
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| Layer of fat that provides protection, insulates the axon and speeds up messages |
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| Space between the neurons. The space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of the other to the post-synaptic neuron. Once @ the post-synaptic neuron, some of the neurotransmitters will attach themselves to some receptors that work like a lock and key (certain neurotransmitters have shapes that only fit into certain receptors) |
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| Resting State of a Neuron |
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| Mostly Negative Inside when no firing takes place!!! It's about -70mv (milllivolts) inside!! Outside the neuron is +20mv Sodium |
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| occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body. The polarity of the neuron is changed to positive! IT happens after the firing reaches the threshold! |
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| Either the messages will fire through the neuron or it won't. It's basically saying that in order to pass a message from one neuron to another the amount of impulses that a neuron body has to have, has to be enough to reach the threshold. If not nothing will happen. |
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| Found in the central nervous system and receive impulses by the spinal cord, then eventually send messages to the brain once the spinal cord has reacted. A nerve cell found entirely within the central nervous system that acts as a link between sensory neurons and motor neurons. |
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| reabsorption of neurotransmitter |
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| Characterizations: Inexpressive Face, Slow voluntary movements, Peculiar posture, Weak muscle. Causes: Degeneration of the basal ganglia and by low production of Dopamine! |
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| Characterization: Memory Impairment, Reasoning, Planning, Language and Perception Disturbances. Causes: Increase in production of Beta-amyloid protein. It reduce amount of acetylcholine (ACH) |
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| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) |
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| It uses magnetism, radio waves and computer to produce images of body structures. |
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| Uses short-lived radioactive substances to produce 3D colored images of substances functioning in your body |
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| Connects the brain and spinal cord to the voluntary muscle system. It is part of the peripheral nervous system |
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| Connects the brain and spinal cord to involuntary muscles and glands. |
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| Accelerates heart rate, Constricts blood vessels and raise blood pressure. It causes the fight or flight rxn. It is a part of the autonomic nervous system. |
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| Example of this is Digestion. This is the dominant on if an individual is not threatened and relaxed. Energy is conserved. |
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| Responsible for heart rate, breathing and blood pressure. |
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| Hemisphere structure which is responsible for movement, coordination and balance. Example: Pigeon experiment: without medulla the pigeon's head was weird! |
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| Nerve cells and the basic building blocs of the nervous system. It acts as the sensor for all type of stimuli and communicates that stimuli throughout the body. It has dendrites(branch like structures)[ think of it as hair], Soma (cell body) and axon |
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| Sleep and awake schedule. Feeling of drowsiness and regulates on a 25 hr day! |
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| Outer layer of the brain that covers both left and right hemispheres. It is responsible for numerous functions, like movement, perception, memory and speaking. |
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| Holds Motor Cortex, Very thin strip on the back of the lobe. Right next to the somatosensory cortex, key component in personality, wit and emotional control. |
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| The area of the cerebral cortex where impulses from the nerve centers to the muscles originate. |
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Recognizing objects and remembering items.
If damage you cant put two things together. |
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| The region of the cerebral cortex receiving the somatic sensory data from the ventrobasal nucleus of the thalamus. All sensations register here. LEft body to right brain and Right body to left brain. The more sensitive a part of your body is, the larger amount of receptors you have. |
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| Both sides of the brain (like relative to where the ear is). It is responsible for JUDGEMENT, SPACIAL CONSTRUCTION TASKS, AUDITORY INFO. ALL sound info registers here! |
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| It's in the frontal lobe. It's responsible for Language, combining sounds to create words and arranging them. |
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| Damage to Broca's Area in the Frontal Lobe where one wont be able to speak in any shape or form. But, can understand what another person is saying and or writing |
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| Usually located on the left hemisphere that is responsible for allowing us to speak and write in coherent sentences. It plays and important role in understanding speech |
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| Located at the back of your head. It is for VISION (think of binOCULARlens) Sense and neural impulse for sight register here. |
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| Occipital lobe is damaged where the individual has the difficulty to express colors and shapes |
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| A group of interconnected deep brain structures, common to all mammals, and involved in olfaction, emotion, motivation, behavior, and various autonomic functions.It consists of thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus |
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| Region of the brain containing a control centre for many autonomic-nervous-system functions. Its complex interaction with the pituitary gland makes it an important part of the endocrine system. As a critical link between the body's two control systems, the hypothalamus regulates homeostasis. Nervous and hormonal pathways connect it with the pituitary, which it stimulates to release various hormones. The hypothalamus influences food intake, weight regulation, fluid intake and balance, thirst, body heat, and the sleep cycle. Disorders can produce pituitary dysfunction, diabetes insipidus, insomnia, and temperature fluctuations. |
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Thought to control motivation and emotion. Other functions: * Arousal
* Controls Autonomic Responses Associated with Fear
* Emotional Responses
* Hormonal Secretions |
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horseshoe shaped sheet of neurons.Functions: * Consolidation of New Memories
* Emotions
* Navigation
* Spatial Orientation |
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| System of glands that secrete and produce hormones. They are related to the nervous system since the hypothalamus tells the pituitary gland when to release hormones. |
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| Master gland because it controls other glands. |
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| the brain's natural ability to form new connections in order to compensate for injury or changes in one's environment. |
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| Area between the left and the right hemispheres that allow the two hemispheres to communicate with each other and share information. |
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| Pain killer!!!. It's mimicker is morphine! |
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Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that impacts multiple functions of the central nervous system including mood, sleep, vomiting, sexuality, and appetite. Serotonin may also promote cell regeneration.
Regulating Serotonin is seen as playing a major role in the treatment of BPD, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and migraines.
Anti-Depressants such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) increase the levels of available Serotonin in the central nervous system. |
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| Muscle contractions, excites muscles present in hippocampus of brain |
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| Hormone released through neurons that involve in arousal, learning and eating. It is linked to mood disorders. |
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