Term
|
Definition
1. homodont:teeth that are uniform in form,shape,and function (lizards/fish)
2. heterodont: teeth have different forms and functions (mammals) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Biocultural Approach: human behavior is shaped by evolutionary and cultural histories-behavior influences
2. Evolutionary Approach: defense vs defects, infection and 'arms race', design comprimises, pleiotropic effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prenatal (birth)--infancy, juvenile stage, adulthood, post-reproductive stage (menopause)
adolescence=unique to humans and provides extended time for brain development
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| girl's first menstrual period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| postreproductive live of women, after the cessation of ovulation and menses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potential fitness benefits of having older women around to help their daughters raise their childern (natural selection towards longer lifespans) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Age-related decline in physiological or behavioral function in adult organisms |
|
|
Term
| Causes of the Spread of Infectious Disease |
|
Definition
1.Agriculture
2. Mobility and Migration
3. Water Contamination
4. Domesticated Animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antigen: invading organism that prompts response from teh body's immune system
Antibodies: Proteins (immunoglobulins) that are structured to bind to and neutralize invading antigens |
|
|
Term
| Why Shift to Agriculture from Hunter Gatherer? |
|
Definition
Because it led to the development of tribes and clans that provided protection and inreased reproductive success.
Downfalls: Diet deffiency, diseases easier to spread |
|
|
Term
| 4 Approaches to the Evolution of Human Behavior |
|
Definition
1. Paleontological Approach:extinct homonids
2. Biocultural Approach: culture shapes behavior
3. Evolutionary Psychology: shaped by natural selection
4. Human Evolutionary Ecology: ecological factors that affect reproductive success |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
language is a prime example
human culture behavior shapes human evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. the mind is composed of cognitive modules
2. understanding behaviors or cognitive modules as adaptations
3. our evolved behavior should be interpreted in terms of enviornment of evolutionary adaptedness |
|
|
Term
| Human Evolutionary Ecology |
|
Definition
| ecological factors that influence reproductive success in hunter-gatherer populations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a steriod hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy and helps maintain pregnancy once fertilization has occured. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A steroid produced in testes and ovaries that is responsable for development of male primary and secondary sexual characteristics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| siblings or those living together develop an aversion to seeing each other as reproductive partners when they are adults. |
|
|
Term
| minor vs major depression |
|
Definition
minor depression: response to an unhappy event
major depression: suffers 2 or more weeks of "low mood"
minor depression adaptation:encourages to set new goals and directions |
|
|
Term
| Dental Structure and teeth type |
|
Definition
front-back.....
Incisors (4 top/4bottom)
Canines (2 top/2 bottom)
Premolars (4 top/ 4bottom)
Molars (6 top/6 bottom) |
|
|
Term
| Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium |
|
Definition
AA=p^2
Aa=2pq
aa=q^2
p^2+2pq=q^2=1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Taxonomy Tree of Primates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypothesis for Primate Adaptation |
|
Definition
1. Aboreal Hypothesis: grasping hands and stereoscopic vision for life in the trees
2. Visual Predation Hypothesis: value of grasping hands and stereoscopic vision for catching small prey |
|
|
Term
| matatheria vs. prototheria |
|
Definition
matatheria: mammals that produce without a placenta (includes marsupials)
prototheria: mammals that reproduce by egg laying (only platypus and echidna) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ORDER=Primates
SUBORDER=Strepsirhines (lemurs and lorises)
Haplorines (tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans)
Prosimians includes tarsiers
characteristics: grasping hands, large brains, high degree of learned behavior |
|
|
Term
| Primate Anatomical Traits |
|
Definition
1. Generalized Body Plan
2. Grasping Hands
3. Flattened Nails
4. Forward Facing Eyes and Stereoscopic Vision
5. Generalized Teeth
6. Enclosed Bony eye orbits in the Skull
7. Petrosal Bulla |
|
|
Term
| Primate Life History Traits |
|
Definition
1. Single Offspring
2. Large Brains
3. Extended Ontogeny
|
|
|
Term
| Types of Primate Societies |
|
Definition
1. Solitarily
2. Monogamy: male and female live in a pair
3. Polygyny: at least one male and more than one female
a. Harem=one male with many females
b.fission-fussion=travel in foraging parties (chimps)
c. polyandry=one female and many males |
|
|
Term
| Three Major Influences on Evolution of non-human primate Society |
|
Definition
1. find mates
2. find food
3. avoid predators to survive and reproduce |
|
|
