Term
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Definition
Rhomboideus Major
Action: Retracts scapula and braces shoulder; fixes scapula during arm movements |
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Term
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Definition
Rhomboideus Minor
Action: Retracts scapula and braces shoulder; fixes scapula during arm movements |
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Term
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Definition
Levator Scapulae
Action: Elevates scapula if cervical vertebrae are fixed; flexes neck laterally if scapula is fixed; retracts and braces shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
Trapezius
Action: Stabilizes scapula and shoulder during arm movements; elevates and depresses shoulder; rotates and retracts scapula |
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Term
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Definition
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: Ribs 3-5 and overlying fascia
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Action: With serratus anterior, draws scapula laterally and forward around chest wall; with other muscles, rotates scapula and depresses apex of shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
Serratus Anterior
Action: With pectoralis minor, draws scapula laterally and forward around chest wall; protracts scapula, and is the prime mover in all forward-reaching and pushing actions; fixes scapula during abduction of arm
*Also known as the Boxer’s muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Deltoid
Origin: Acromion and spine of scapula; lateral portion of clavicle
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; lateral fibers abduct arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm
*Shaped like Greek letter delta (Δ) |
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Term
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Definition
Supraspinatus (Rotator Cuff)
Action: Aids deltoid in abduction of arm; supports humeral head when carrying weight |
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Term
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Definition
Infraspinatus (Rotator Cuff)
Action: Modulates action of deltoid, preventing humeral head from sliding upward; rotates humerus laterally |
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Term
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Definition
Teres Minor (Rotator Cuff)
Action: Modulates action of deltoid, preventing humeral head from sliding upward as arm is abducted; rotates humerus laterally |
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Term
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Definition
Subscapularis (Rotator Cuff)
Action: Modulates action of deltoid, preventing humeral head from sliding upward was arm is abducted; rotates humerus medially |
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Term
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Definition
Coracobrachialis
Origin: Coracoid process
Insertion: Medial aspect of humeral shaft
Action: Flexes and medially rotates arm |
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Term
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Definition
Brachialis
Origin: Anterior surface of distal half of humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
Action: Prime mover of elbow flexion |
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Term
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Definition
Biceps Brachii
Origins:
Long Head: Superior margin of glenoid cavity
Short Head: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Tuberosity of radius; fascia of forearm
Action: Synergist of elbow flexion; rapid or forceful supination of forearm; tendon of long head helps support glenohumeral joint |
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Term
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Definition
Triceps Brachii
Origins:
Long Head: inferior margin of glenoid cavity and joint capsule
Lateral Head: posterior surface of proximal end of humerus
Medial Head: posterior surface of distal end of humerus
Insertion: Olecranon; fascia of forearm
Action: Extends elbow, long head extends and adducts humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Pectoralis Major
Origin: Medial half of clavicle; lateral margin of sternum; costal cartilages 1-7; aponeurosis of external oblique
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Latissimus Dorsi
Action: Adducts and medially rotates humerus; helps move arm posteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
Teres Major
Action: Extends and medially rotates humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Pronator Teres
Action: Assists pronator quadratus in pronation, but only in rapid or forceful action; weakly flexes elbow |
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Definition
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Action: Flexes wrist anteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
Palmaris Longus
Action: Anchors skin and fascia of palmar region |
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Term
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Definition
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Action: flexes wrist anteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Action: Flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints |
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Term
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Definition
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Action: Flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints |
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Definition
Flexor Pollicus Longus
Action: Flexes phalanges of thumb |
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Definition
Pronator Quadratus
Action: Prime mover of forearm pronation; also resists separation of radius and ulna when force is applied to forearm through wrist |
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Term
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Definition
Brachioradialis
Action: Flexes elbow |
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Term
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Definition
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Action: Extends wrist; aids in radial flexion of wrist |
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Term
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Definition
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Action: Extends wrist |
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Term
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Definition
Extensor Digitorum
Action: Extends wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints |
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Term
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Definition
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Action: Extends and fixes wrist when fist is clenched or hand grips |
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Term
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Definition
Supinator
Action: Supinates forearm |
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Term
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Definition
Anconeus
Action: Helps extend elbow |
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Term
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Definition
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Action: Abducts thumb in frontal (palmar) plane; extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint |
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Term
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Definition
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Action: Extends metacarpal I and proximal phalanx of thumb |
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Term
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Definition
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Action: Extends distal phalanx I; aids in extending proximal phalanx I and metacarpal I |
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Term
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Definition
Gluteus Minimus
Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh; helps shift weight of trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Gluteus Medius
Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh; helps shift weight of trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Gluteus Maximus
Action: Extends thigh at hip; abducts thigh; helps stabilize femur on tibia |
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Definition
Tensor fascia latae
Action: Extends knee; laterally rotates tibia |
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Term
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Definition
Psoas Major
Part of Iliopsoas Muscle
Action: Flexion of thigh (hip) |
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Term
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Definition
Iliacus
Part of Iliopsoas Muscle
Action: Flexion of thigh (hip) |
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Term
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Definition
Pectineus
Action: Flexes and adducts thigh |
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Definition
Adductor Longus
Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh; flexes thigh at hip |
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Definition
Adductor Brevis
Action: Adducts thigh |
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Term
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Definition
Adductor Magnus
Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh; extends thigh at hip |
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Term
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Definition
Gracilis
Action: Flexes and medially rotates tibia at knee |
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Term
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Definition
Vastus Intermedius
Part of the Quadriceps group
Deep to rectus femoris
Origin: Anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft
Insertion: Patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia
Action: Extends knee |
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Term
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Definition
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Lateralis
Part of the Quadriceps group
Origin: Femur at greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, and linea aspera
Insertion: Patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia
Action: Extends knee; aids in fixing patella during knee movements |
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Term
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Definition
Vastus Medialis
Part of the Quadriceps muscle
Origin: Femur at spiral line, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line
Insertion: Patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia
Action: Extends knee; aids in fixing patella during knee movements |
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Term
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Definition
Rectus Femoris
Part of the Quadriceps group
Origin: Ilium at anterior inferior spine and superior margin of acetabulum; capsule of hip joint
Insertion: Patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia
Action: Extends knee, flexes thigh at hip |
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Term
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Definition
Sartorius
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial surface of proximal end of tibia
Action: Aids in knee and hip flexion; abducts and laterally rotates thigh |
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Term
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Definition
Biceps FEmoris
Part of the Hamstrings group
Origins:
Long Head: ischial tuberosity
Short Head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
Insertion: Head of fibula
Action: Flexes knee; extends hip |
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Term
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Definition
Semitendinosus
Part of the Hamstrings group
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of upper tibia
Action: Flexes knee; medially rotates tibia on femur when tibia is fixed, medially rotates femur when hip is extended |
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Term
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Definition
Semimembranosus
Part of the Hamstrings group
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle and nearby margin of tibia
Action: Flexes knee; medially rotates tibia on femur when tibia is fixed, medially rotates femur when hip is extended |
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Term
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Definition
Tibialis Anterior
Origin: Lateral condyle and lateral margin of proximal half of tibia
Insertion: Median cuneiform; metatarsal I
Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot; resists backward tipping of body |
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Term
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Definition
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Action: Extends toes; dorsiflexes foot |
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Term
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Definition
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Action: Extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot |
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Term
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Definition
Fibularis Longus and Brevis
Action: everts and plantar flexes foot |
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Term
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Definition
Soleus
Origin: Posterior surface of head of fibula and proximal one-fourth of tibia; interosseous membrane
Insertion: Calcaneus
Action: Plantar flexes foot; steadies leg on ankle during standing |
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Term
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Definition
Gastrocnemius
Origin: Condyles, popliteal surface, and lateral supracondylar line of femur; capsule of knee joint
Insertion: Calcaneus
Action: Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee |
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