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Definition
1. cross of dominant phenotype with unknown genotype (either AA or Aa) with recessive.
2. Look at babies to figure out unknown parental genotype; recessive babies indicate Aa rather than AA. |
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1. eukaryotes ONLY
2. 5' cap, 3' polyA tail, splcing, NTP modification |
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Definition
1. phosphate group
2. pentose sugar
3. (nitrogenous) base |
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| strong covalent bond between adjacent nucleotides (within each strand) |
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| weak bond between base pairs (velcro's 2 stands together) |
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Definition
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Definition
1. double helix
2. anti-parallel stands
strands composed of nucleotides phosphodiester-bonded together
4. 2 strands velcro'd together by H bonds |
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Term
| DNA replication - definition |
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Definition
| DNA synthesis during S phase of Interphase (before mitosis or meiosis) |
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Term
| DNA replication - type of process |
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Definition
1. semi-cpnservative
2. bi-directional
3. semi-discontinuous |
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Definition
| results in daughter DNAs that are half old and half new |
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Term
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Definition
1. leading starnd produces continuously (in one piece off 1 primer)
2. lagging strand produced in multiple Okazaki fragments off multiple primers |
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Definition
| showed semi-conservative DNA replication in Neurospora Crassa |
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Term
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Definition
1. Showed "transforming principle" in Streptococcus pneumonia
2. heat-killed S + live R kills mice
3. transforming principle probably not (heat-killed/denatured) protein |
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Term
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Definition
1. sugar in DNA
2. lacks O on #2 carbon
3. symbolized by d in dNTP |
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Term
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Definition
1. DNA wound around histone proteins (bead)
2. eukaryotes only |
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| Where DNA replication starts |
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Definition
| chromosome material (histones + DNA) |
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Definition
| covalently-bonded fragments that become the lagging strand |
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Term
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Definition
1. shared pair of electrons
2. strong bond
3. inside molecules |
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Definition
1. weak bond
2. e.g. between nitrogenous bases
3. e.g. inside proteins (folding) |
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Term
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Definition
| covalent bond between sugar of first nucleotide and phosphate of second nucleotide |
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Term
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Definition
1. e.g DNA or RNA strands have a 5' beginning and a 3' end
2. e.g polypeptides have a N-terminus (amino) beginning and a C-terminal (carboxyl) end |
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Term
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Definition
1. spliced out of mRNA
2. not expressed into protein |
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Term
| pre-mRNA or primary transcript |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. 5' capping
2. 3' polyA tailing
3. Splicing
$. RNA editing
(Eukaryotes ONLY!!!) |
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Term
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Definition
1. ready for translation
2. no introns
3. has 5' cap and 3' tail |
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Term
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Definition
1. mRNA into polypeptide
2. by ribosomes
3. in cytosol |
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Term
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Definition
1. amino acids peptide-bonded together
2. folded up |
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Term
| bi-directional DNA Replication |
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Definition
| 2 opposing forks moving away from OriC |
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Term
| semi-conservative DNA Replication |
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Definition
| daughter DNA has 1 parental + new strand |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 strands running in opposite direction |
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Term
| semi-discontinuous DNA Replication |
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Definition
| continous on leading strand; discontinuous on lagging strand |
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