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• Swedish naturalist
• 1735-1758
• Published "Sytema Naturae" in latin
• In the publication he introduced bionomical system of nomenclasture, (genus species system)

• Of sexually reproducing
• One or more populations of individuals that can or have the potential to interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring that are reproductively isolated from other species.
• Common evolutionary history
• Common gene pool
• Reproductively isolated
• Common Gene make-up

• All members prokaryotic & unicellular
• Single chromosomes& not enclosed in membrane bound nucleus.
• Reproduction: Asexual -Binary fission
• Some have one or more flagelum - for motility
• Few organells, though do have many ribosomes
• Many have pili- short, protein based filaments used to hold to or to adhear to each other.
• Many have photosynthetic abilities
• Many have extra DNA called plasmids.

• Have F+ cells and F- cells: F+ confers conjugation.
• Can pass antibiotic resistance via plasmids this way

• Event <not process> -clone daughter cell
• Increase in number.
• Two daughter cells contain part new and part old.

1. All eukaryotic -- most likely the earliest and structurally simplest eukaryotes
2. Protistins differ from prokaryotes:
   • Membrane bound nucleus
   • Many membrane bound organelles to include larger ribosomes that we see in prokaryotes
   • Mitochondris
   • More DNA and it is more complicated
   • Have microtuble based cytoskeletons
   • Some of them have cilia or flagella used for motility
   • Many with chloroplast
   • Reroduce by mitosis, meiosis, both, or spores like fungi.
3. Most aer unicellular & some are simple multicellular.
4. Easily distnguised from prokarotes, but difficult to classify with respect to other eukarotes.

• Parasitic and predatory molds that reproduce by spores.
  • Water molds are decomposers
  • Phagocytic slime molds

• Non-photosynthetic, flagellated protozoans
• Sporozoans
• Ciliates
• Single-celled predators, grazers & parasites.

• Single-celled, photosynthetic, & may be flagellated.
• Some live freely or as colonies. 
• Some that are multi-celled.

• Chytoids
• Water Molds
• Slime Molds

• Are like fungi in that all produce spores
• All are heterotrophs and someare decomposers and some are parasites.
• Unlike fungi, all produce multi cells during life cycle.

1. phylum chytridomycota
2. Have flagellated gamates [(assexual spores)possibly]
3. Like fungi-have chitin strenthening cell walls.
4. Live in fresh water- some marine- some are parasites in terrestrial plants & some are parasites in amphibians
5. Some are unicellular, some live as collection of rhizoids (absorbitive structures)
6. Most Saparobic- food comes from (usually) nonliving organic matter.

1. Phylum oomycota
2. Many saprobic decomposers in aquatic habitats
3. Several free-living sp. get nutriens from plant debries.
   • Others live in aucrotic tissues of plants
   • Others paracitize aquatic organisms.
4. Parasitic examples:
   • Some parasitize invertibrates & fish (saprodignia)
   • Parasitize the fish or invertibrate, host dies & it becomes decomposer

• Water mold
• 1845-1860 potatoe famine, coo & damp conditions during growing season
• The water mold rots the potatoe (saprobically)
• Resulted in 1/3 population death.

1. Phylum myxomycota
2. All produce free-living amoeba-like cells during life cycle. Terrestrial
3. Like true amoebas--phagocytic predators -- crawl on rotting plant matter & feed on bacteria, yeast, spores, etc.
4. WHen food becomes scarce-- Ameoboid cells aggregate & form single slimy mass (plasmodium)
   • Migrate to "better" feeding grouds & can produce spores which may germinate into new ameoboid cells. Spores are produced by sporangia.

1. Single celled -- informally called protozoan
2. Heterotrophic --Probably gave life to animal
3. Some predators, parasites, grazers
4. Most motile

• Ameoboid protozoans
• Soft-hybrid & shelled
• Psudopod
• Phagocytic
• Some parasitic-- some free living, some endosymbiotic= fluid.

• Collectively called animal like flagelates
• Some free-living, some parasitic
• Locomotion by flaggella

• All are parasitic,all have complex structures &complex life cycles.
• Collectively called sporozoans
• Cause Maleria.

• Have motile infective stages & complex structure to penetrate hostcell.

• Causes malaria
• Vector: Amophales (mosquito)
• Fatal

• Serious intestinal disease

• Disease toxoplasmosis
• Sexual stage exists in cats, infective stage passes out in feces, human takes in (during cleaning of cat box) the assexual stage.

• Ciliated protozoans
• Some sessile & most fee-living
• Predators-symbiotic,--parasites

• Internal parasites = "campers disease"
• Intestinal tract- not fatal - sever to mild intestinal upset
• May infect up to 10% US pop. in any year.
• Conduct parasite: water with the encysted stage of parasite/ Encysted stage- out with feces.// Then take in the contaminated water

• African sleeping sickness
• Vector: Tsetse fly  (bites host)
• Can be fatal

• From South America to Mexico
• Chages disease
• Vector: True bug; takes blood meal, then deficates on skin (parasite in fecal matter), parasite moved into wound (possibly by scratching)
• No cure, 100% fatal.