Term
| What is a biological invader? |
|
Definition
Invasive species: Alien species
that may cause environmental
harm by
1)Establishing a new home
range and reproduce and….
2)Spread throughout their new
home range & persist to
become environmentally
detrimental. |
|
|
Term
| What is a consequence of invasive species on native plant species? |
|
Definition
Alter important nutrient cycling.
Affect hydrology (water flow).
Disrupt ecosystem processes.
Compete with natives. |
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|
Term
| How are oceans impacted by invasive species? |
|
Definition
Global movement of organisms associated with ocean-going vessels and commercial fisheries
Changes biodiversity and distribution of marine organisms along coastlines. |
|
|
Term
| what are the characteristics of invasive plants? |
|
Definition
Propagules (seeds & spores) dispersed by animals, wind or water.
High reproduction. Lots of seeds produced each year.
Rapid growth rate.
Maturation reached
quickly.
Significant defense
mechanisms. |
|
|
Term
| Why are invasive species successful in new environments? |
|
Definition
Free of predators, competitors, diseases and parasites that limited their populations in natural habitat.
Exploits resources in novel ways (more resources for growth and reproduction). |
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|
Term
| What is a naturalized plant? |
|
Definition
An established selfperpetuating population.
widespread dispersal & incorporation into native flora/ecosystem |
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|
Term
| Why is Hawai’i particularly at risk from biological invaders? |
|
Definition
Honolulu is an international, port city.
About 7-9 million tourists visit annually.
Import 80% of consumed goods. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common way alien plants are introduced to Hawai’i today? |
|
Definition
Ornamental plant trade (70% of Hawaii’s alien plants).
Wooden pallets carrying wood boring insects.
Yearly imports of Christmas trees. |
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|
Term
| Biodiversity is defined as: |
|
Definition
| Number & variety of organisms found within an area |
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|
Term
| 75% of Hawaii’s flowering plant species arrived by: |
|
Definition
| Birds (Wing) (internally or externally) |
|
|
Term
| Hawaiian honeycreepers primarily differ by the shape and size of their: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process whereby many species evolve from a single species is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are about _____ native flowering plant species in Hawaii and a thousand introduced ones that are now naturalized (reproducing naturally). |
|
Definition
| 980 total native flowering plant species |
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|
Term
| Native habitats in Hawaii have been lost due to: |
|
Definition
Crop lands
Cattle grazing
Feral animals (Cattle Pigs Goats Sheep Deer)
Urbanization |
|
|
Term
| Alien species may be controlled by: |
|
Definition
Fencing
Biological
control
Weeding
Herbicide
Hunting |
|
|
Term
| Native species that are only found in Hawaii are _____, while those found elsewhere are _______. |
|
Definition
endemic (found only here)
and indigenous (here and elsewhere) |
|
|
Term
| Biologist tried to attract the rare Kauai o’o by using a _______. |
|
Definition
| tape recorder with the bird song |
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|
Term
| The Hawaiian carnivorous caterpillar turned into a _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who won the battle between the ant and the carnivorous caterpillar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Species extinctions were describe in the movie as |
|
Definition
| popping rivets on spaceship Earth. |
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|
Term
| Biologist are pollinating plants on Molokai’s sea cliffs because what pollinator has gone extinct? |
|
Definition
| The moth is the pollinator that has gone extinct. |
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|
Term
| Of all the scourges of the Native Hawaiian rain forest, the worst one is _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approximately ______ feathers were used to make feather cloaks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of Native Hawaiian Birds are extinct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is conservation biology described as a “crisis discipline?” |
|
Definition
Emerged in the 1980’s as response to biodiversity crisis.
Analogous to study of AIDS in epidemiology. |
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|
Term
| The Endangered Species Act was created in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Listing species as Endangered is based upon: |
|
Definition
Decision is to be based on best scientific data available and not economics.
Listing of critical habitat decision can be based on economics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. |
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|
Term
| Conservation biology is considered a synthetic field because |
|
Definition
| it is a mixture of applied theoretical fields. |
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|
Term
| A species that is likely to become endangered in the near future is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the IUCN Red List? |
|
Definition
| It’s a list of threatened species put out by the IUCN. |
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|
Term
| What is likely to become the greatest environmental problem of next century? |
|
Definition
Fresh water supply being altered by:
Pollution
Forests and wetlands destroyed.
Global weather patterns changed. |
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|
Term
| The greatest cause for increase CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is: |
|
Definition
Fossil fuel burning accounts for 75%
of increase. |
|
|
Term
| One of the biggest concerns associated with sea level rise is: |
|
Definition
Sea levels rise (between 4”and 8” in last hundred years).
Impact coast land throughout world.
High population coastal areas at risk! (Shanghai, Bangkok, Jakarta, Tokyo and New York) |
|
|
Term
| The Greenhouse effect results in: |
|
Definition
| Climate change and global warming |
|
|
Term
| The major problems associated with ozone depletion are: |
|
Definition
UV-B radiation known to cause:
Can cause deadly mutations, e.g. thymine dimers: T-T).
Skin cancer.
Cataracts.
Suppression of immune system. |
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|
Term
| Global warming will adversely affect crop production by: |
|
Definition
| Will impact crop planting location and yield. |
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|
Term
| The major greenhouse gases include: |
|
Definition
Carbon dioxide: burning fossil fuels
Methane: rice paddies, cattle, termites
Nitrous oxides: fossil fuels, fertilizers
Chloroflurocarbon (CFC): Air conditioner, refrigerator
Halons: fire extinguishers |
|
|
Term
| Global warming and ozone depletion are related problems because: |
|
Definition
| Warming temperatures contribute to the ozone-destroying chemical reactions in the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1987) 44 countries signed
international treaty to limit use
of CFCs
reduce it by 50% by 1999
and agreed to entirely ban
CFC & halons by 2000 (2010 in
developing countries) |
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|
Term
| What are the three main types of fossil fuels? |
|
Definition
| petroleum, natural gas and coal |
|
|
Term
| Which fossil fuel is primarily used globally to produce electricity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nearly all of Hawaii’s electricity is produced by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is the cleanest of fossil fuel. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Nuclear power releases energy by ______ which occurs when atoms are split. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the half life of radioactive materials? |
|
Definition
| Half-life is time it takes for 50% of radioactive material to decay. |
|
|
Term
| What are the greatest challenges facing the use of nuclear energy. |
|
Definition
High cost to build
Catastrophic accidents can happen.
No acceptable means of disposable radioactive waste.
Spreads knowledge for building nuclear weapons. |
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Term
| Which 3 countries are the greatest consumers of oil in the world? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The organisms from which oil and natural gases were derived, in the seas, were ______. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Since 1860 geologists have discovered over 2 trillion gallons of oil. Since then the world has used approximately ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shell Geophysicist, M.King Hubbert predicted in the 1950's that America's oil production would peak in _____ and then enter into a permanent decline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Globally, discovery of oil peaked in the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the present rate in which we are using oil, the world will need to bring the equivalent of a new Saudi Arabia into production, every ____ years to make up for the declining output in existing oil fields. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In the 1960's, 6 barrels of oil was found for every one that was used. Four decades later, the world consumes between ______ barrels of oil for every 1 that it finds. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Nitrogen run offs by fossil fuel based fertilizers poisoned rivers and seas creating enormous dead zones. At this rate, all fish population are projected to collapse by _____. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Many new technological advancements for consumers will consume resources rather than saving resources. Presently, 97% of the world's rare earths for such advancements are produced only from a single locality in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following are sources of renewable energy? |
|
Definition
| Biomass, Solar, Water, Wind, Geothermal |
|
|
Term
| What are some disadvantages of solar energy? |
|
Definition
Works only during day.
Not very efficient.
Expensive |
|
|
Term
| _______ cells directly converts solar energy into electricity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following are concerns for the use of geothermal energy? |
|
Definition
Can only use where available and
drilling known to cause minor
earthquakes. |
|
|
Term
| Why is ethanol an undesirable biomass fuel? |
|
Definition
Non-sustainable:
Food crop and land used for fuel instead of food.
Very low EROI = 1.5:1. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Clean Air Act of 1990? |
|
Definition
Ethanol is
fermentation product added to
gas to reduce emissions (any
car can run on up to 10%
ethanol) |
|
|
Term
| What is the process of producing hydrogen gas from water called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should we use renewable rather than non-renewable energy sources? |
|
Definition
Non-renewable resources will be used up and are harmful to environment.
All renewable energy source can provide electricity, heat water & air and fuel for vehicles.
Efficient and some inexhaustible. |
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|
Term
| Of all the water on earth how much is liquid freshwater? |
|
Definition
2.5% is fresh water.
0.77% is accessible fresh, liquid water. |
|
|
Term
| What is the great pacific Garbage Patch? |
|
Definition
| a collection of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean |
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|
Term
| ________ is the largest use of fresh water globally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take to recharge water in Oahu’s aquifer? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Waste water treated to a level suitable for non-drinking purposes is called: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ______ occurs when the availability of potable clean water is below the demand for the region. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Countries where ground water aquifers are being depleted include: |
|
Definition
United States, China, India,
Mexico, Pakistan and Egypt |
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|
Term
| Melting glaciers in the Himalayan mountain range due to global warming could impact 2.5 billion |
|
Definition
first by flooding, followed by drought.
Will affect grain production and
food security in region. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a fungal plant pathogen of rye |
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|
Term
| Linnda Caporael believed that the incidents that led to the Salem witch trial of 1692 was due to: |
|
Definition
victims that were “bewitched” actually suffered from ergotism because
Weather conditions optimal for ergot growth on rye |
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|
Term
| What is Holy Fire or St Anthony’s Fire? |
|
Definition
| Gangrenous Ergotism (gangrene) |
|
|
Term
| The acronym LSD stands for: |
|
Definition
| LysergSäureDiethylamid, German name of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthesized LSD-25, in 1938, from ergot |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Tested every type of drugs imaginable.
CIA discovered LSD as a truth-inducing drug, testing it on civilian and military personnel as result of Werner Stoll’s 1947 article |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Music that attempted to simulate LSD experience.
Also known as psychedelic music. |
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|
Term
| LSD had a role in changing society in the following way: |
|
Definition
Psychiatric research.
Psychotherapy.
CIA usage as a truth inducing drug.
Recreational drug
(fashion, music, youth culture, hippies, counterculture??) |
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