Term
| Gastrointestinal (G.I.) Tract a.k.a. Alimentary Canal |
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Definition
| tube that runs from mouth to anus (~9 meters or 30 feet) |
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| mouth, most of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, & large intestine (comes in direct contact with food) |
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| teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, & pancreas (aid in digestion) |
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| innermost layer, mucous membrane, comes into contact with food/nutrients/waste material |
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| contains the blood & lymphatic vessels & neuronal network |
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| muscular layer; two parts |
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| Mouth, Pharynx, Superior & Middle Esophagus |
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Definition
| contain skeletal muscle which allows for voluntary swallowing |
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| contains 2-3 layers of smooth muscle which propel food |
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| superficial layer, called Adventitia in the Esophagus, thin membrane that suspends the GI tract in the abdominopel cavity. Also called peritoneum |
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| the mouth, accepts food, site of mastication (chewing) & onset of chemical digestion (salivary amylase) of starches |
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| tube-like passageway, extends from the internal nares to the split of the esophagus (posterior) & larynx (anterior) |
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| starts where the laryngopharynx ends, muscular tube that carries food to the stomach |
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| rhythmic muscular contractions that move food along G.I. tract |
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| "J" shaped, hollow, muscular enlargement of the G.I. tract. Site of most mechanical digestion, & food storage. Chemical digestion of protein begins (Pepsin) |
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| surrounds the region that the esophagus enters |
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| Lower Esophageal (Cardiac) Sphincter |
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Definition
| valve that opens into the stomach |
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Definition
| rounded superior region left of the Cardia, storage area |
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| inferior to Fundus, large central churning chamber |
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| convex lateral curve of the body |
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| concave medial curve of body |
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| large folds in the mucosal layer |
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| region that connects the stomach to the small intestine |
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| valve that opens into the small intestine |
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| organ where most chemical digestion occurs & primary site of nutrient absorption |
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| begins at pyloric sphincter |
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| middle segement of small intestine |
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| last segment, extends to cecum of the large intestine |
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| valve that separates small & large intestines |
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| finger-like projections lining the lumen, allow for greater surface area |
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| hair-like projections of the cell |
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| circular folds, permanent ridges that increase surface area |
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| organ where water is reabsorbed, vitamin K is produced, & formation & expulsion of waste material |
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| pouch-like structure where Ileum attaches |
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| "worm-shaped" hollow tube, serves no function in humans |
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| the colon that moves across the abdomen from right to left |
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| last 3 inches of the rectum |
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| closes the anus except during elimination of waste |
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| secrete saliva containing Salivary Amylase, which begins chemical digestion of starches |
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| inferior & anterior to the ears, secretes saliva into oral cavity |
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| found beneath the base of the tongue in posterior floor of mouth, open at base of tongue |
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| superior to submandibular glands, open into floor of the mouth |
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| secretes bile, regulates metabolism, detoxifies substances, & stores minerals |
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| stores & releases (DOES NOT MAKE) bile which emulsifies (encapsulates it so it can be digested) fats |
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| adds enzymes to the small intestine that aid in digestion & modulates blood sugar levels |
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| secretes trypsin that digests protein & pancreatic amylase that digest carbohydrates (glands that have ducts) |
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| secrets hormones (glucagons & insulin) that raise & lower blood sugar (glands without ducts) |
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| soft round mass of chewed & swallowed food |
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| food mixed with digestive enzymes in stomach & small intestine |
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| serosa, membrane that lines organs in abdominal cavity |
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| connects the two large lobes of the liver |
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| large fold of serosa that hangs down over intestines |
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| removal/excretion of waste (poop) |
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| Upper Esophageal Sphincter |
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Definition
| allows for passage of bolus from laryngopharynx into the esophagus |
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| Lower Esophageal(Cardiac) Sphincter |
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Definition
| allows for passage of bolus from esophagus to stomach |
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| allows for passage of chyme from stomach to duodenum |
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| closes off the ileum of the small intestine from the cecum of the large intestine |
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