Term
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Definition
| moves the skeleton, voluntary, striated, multinucleated |
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Term
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Definition
| found inside blood vessels and hollow organs, involuntary, no stirations, one nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| found only in the heart, involuntary, heavily striated, some are multinucleated; fibers are connected by intercalated disks |
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Term
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Definition
| carry blood away from the heart; carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary trunk and arteries) |
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Term
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Definition
| carry blood towards the heart; carry unoxygenated blood (except the pulmonary veins) |
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Term
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Definition
| mass of tissue that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column between the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| pointed bottom of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pericardium (pericardial sac) |
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Definition
| a tough membrane that surrounds and protects the heart, it anchors the heart in the mediastinum while allowing for freedom of movement during rigorous contraction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thin membrane that forms a double layer around the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| fused to the fibrous pericardium |
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Term
| visceral layer (epicardium) |
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Definition
| adheres to the surface of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the space in between the parietal and visceral layer |
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Term
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Definition
| thin membranous outer layer, covers the outside of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| thick muscular middle layer; makes up the bulk of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| thin innermost layer that line the chambers of the heart |
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Term
| superior/inferior vena cava |
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Definition
| veins that return blood to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| first chamber which receives blood (unoxygenated) |
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Term
| tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve) |
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Definition
| closes during ventricular contraction to prevent blood backflow into the right atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| chamber that sends blood to the lungs |
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Term
| pulmonary semilunar valve |
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Definition
| valve that closes the right ventricle off to prevent backflow |
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Term
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Definition
| large artery that leaves the heart |
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Term
| right & left pulmonary arteries |
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Definition
| branches of the pulmonary trunk that go to each lung |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| right & left pulmonary veins |
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Definition
| carry oxygenated blood back to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| first chamber that receives blood (oxygenated) |
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Term
| bicuspid (mitral, left atrioventricular valve) |
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Definition
| closes during ventricular contraction to prevent blood backflow into the left atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| large chamber that pumps blood to the rest of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| valve that closes the left ventricle off to prevent backflow |
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Term
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Definition
| large artery coming out of the top of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| largest artery, all other main arteries branch from it |
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Term
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Definition
| "inter" = betwen, "septum" = wall, a thick wall in between the ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| heart strings; tough strands that pull open the valves |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles that pull on and operate the chordae tendineae |
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Term
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Definition
| ridges in the ventricles near the apex that help direct blood flow and convey part of the cardiac conduction system |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular ridges in the anterior wall of the right atria |
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Term
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Definition
| pouchlike structures that increase the capacity of the atrium (look like dog ears) |
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Term
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Definition
| large groove on the outside of the heart between the ventricles |
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Term
| anatomically correct positioning |
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Definition
| right and left directions are opposite; when looking at the heart the apex, pulmonary trunk, and aortic arch point to the right, but anatomically, the point to the left |
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Term
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Definition
| the "pacemaker" of the heart. located in posterior wall on right atria, rhythmically & spontaneously depolarizes. when the SA node depolarizes to threshold an action potential begins |
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Term
| Atrioventricular (AV) Node |
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Definition
| receives the AP from the SA node, located in the interatrial septum |
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Term
| Bundle of His (AV Bundle) |
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Definition
| the only site where the action potential is conducted from the atria to the ventricles. located where the interatrial and interventricular septa come together |
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Term
| Right & Left Bundle Branches |
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Definition
| travel down the interventricular septum, curve around the apex, & split to the right & left ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| inundate the myocardium of the ventricles and rapidly conduct the action potential upward. it is not until the action potential reaches here, and depolarization occurs, that the ventricles contract |
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Term
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Definition
| the electrical difference across the cell membrane when at rest, the cell is polarized at -90mV |
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Term
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Definition
| an electrical event, if of the proper strength (threshold) will cause a contraction event |
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Term
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Definition
| when an action potential reaches threshold, potassium & sodium channels open in the cell membrane. interstitial sodium floods into the cell and potassium from the cytosol flows out. the influx of sodium & outflow of potassium raise the voltage (charge) of the cell to 0mV |
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Term
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Definition
| low concentrations of calcium ions leak into the cell and the contraction occurs |
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Term
| electrocardiograph EKG/ECG |
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Definition
| a machine that measures the electrical activity of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the output from an EKG machine |
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Term
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Definition
| atrial depolarization, atrial contraction, AV valves open |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricles depolarize, atria repolarize, ventricles contract, atria relax, AV valves close, SL valves open |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular repolarization, ventricles relax, SL valves close |
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Term
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Definition
| machine used to measure blood pressure from the brachial artery |
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Term
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Definition
| force exerted during ventricular contraction 100-130 avg |
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Term
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Definition
| force exerted during ventricular relaxation 60-90 avg |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used to listen to the sounds of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of listening to heart sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| sounds heard through a stethoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| sound made by the closing of the AV valves |
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Term
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Definition
| sound made by the closing of the SL valves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| elevated resting heart rate >100 beats per minute |
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Term
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Definition
| low resting heart rate <60 beats per minute |
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Term
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Definition
| a normal rhythm of heartbeats |
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Term
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Definition
| asynchronous contraction of the chambers |
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Term
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Definition
| momentarily stopping the heart through electric shock to reestablish a normal sinus rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| artery in the wrist to measure pulse |
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Term
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Definition
| large artery in the neck to measure pulse |
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