Term
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Definition
| Treatment to reduce pathogens to level considered safe |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanism uses to decrease number of microbes in area (Mainly skin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Implies a substantially reduced microbial population. Not specific level |
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Term
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Definition
| Process used to delay spoilage of perishable items |
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Term
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Definition
| agents that kill vegetative cells, but not necessarily endospores |
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Term
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Definition
| agents that prevent of retard multiplication of bacteria but do not necessarily kill cells |
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Term
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Definition
| hospital acquired infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Concern in canned foods. Causes botulism |
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Term
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Definition
| decimal reduction time (Loses one decimal place) |
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Term
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Definition
| Boiling, Pasteurization, Pressurized steam |
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Term
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Definition
| Destroys most microbes and viruses. Doesn't destroy endospores |
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Term
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Definition
| Doesn't sterilize, but significantly reduces organisms, used to increase shelf life. Heated to 72 C and held for 15 s |
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Term
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Definition
| Preferred method of sterilazation. Achieves sterilization at 121C and 15 PSI in 15 minutes. Effective against endospores |
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Term
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Definition
| Not very effective. Requires longer times and higher temps |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes damge to DNA and plasma membrane. Used to sterilize heat sensitive materials |
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Term
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Definition
| Only type to destroy microbes directly. Damages DNA thymine dimers. USed to destroy microbes in air, drinking water and surfaces, but has poor penetrating power |
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Term
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Definition
| Antimicrobials produced by fungi or bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Only work on gram positive OR only gram negative |
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Term
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Definition
| Work on both gram positive and gram negative, but disrupt normal flora |
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Term
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Definition
| Action of one drug interferes with another effect |
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Term
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Definition
| When action of one drug enhances another effect |
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Term
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Definition
| When effect of combination is neither synergistic or antagonistic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Inhibition of cell wall synthesis drugs |
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Definition
| Low toxicity and high effectiveness. B Lactam, Vancomycin, and Bacitracin |
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Term
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Definition
| Competitively inhibit function of penicillin binding proteins, organisms can resist by production of enzyme which break the ring |
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Term
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Definition
| Effective against gram = and some gram - cocci |
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Term
| Pencillinase resistant penicillin |
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Definition
| Side chaines prevent inactive from enzymes |
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Term
| Amoxcillin and Ampicillin |
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Definition
| Broad spectrum, effective against gram + and gram 0 |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical structures make them resistan to inactivation by B-Lactamases. Tend to have low affinity to penicillin binding gram + bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| NAM, G+, Given intravenously as last resort |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to 30s ribosome unit *irreversible*. Sreptomycin, treats TB, side effects include ototoxicity, aerobic only |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to 30s ribosome unit *reversible*. Side effects include discolored teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| 50s ribosome *reversible*, G+ and Mycoplasma Pnemonia, |
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Term
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Definition
| 50s ribosome unit, LAST RESOT |
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Term
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Definition
| 50s ribosome unit, Drug: Clinomycin, Side effect: Asspciated colitis, resistance: Calsutridium difficile |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits folic acid producer, Similar to substrate in folic acid path |
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Term
| Minimum Inhibitory Concentration |
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Definition
| Quantitive test to determine lowest concentration of specific antimicrobial drug needed to prevent growth of specific organism |
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Term
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Definition
| Disc dffusion, Clear zone of inhibition reflects susceptibility. Size of zone organism determines if susceptible or resistant |
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Term
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Definition
| Modification of disc diffusion, Uses strips impregnated with gradient concentration of antibiotic, Test organism grows and forme zone of inhibition. Zone intersects strip at inhibitory concentration |
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