Term
1. What are the two types of body fluids?
2. Where are they found?
3. What is the percentage of body weight that they make up? |
|
Definition
1. Intracellular; Extracellular
2. Cytoplasm; Blood plasma and Interstitial fluid
3. 36% ; 24% (4% and 20% respectively) |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of life? |
|
Definition
| reproduction, contains DNA, has a metabolism, development/growth, movement by responding, Homeostasis, made of cells, complex |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of an animal? |
|
Definition
| multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, movement |
|
|
Term
Describe the following for Protozoans:
1. Cell type
2. Locomotion
3. Nutrition |
|
Definition
1. Unicellular eukaryote
2. a. Pseudopods- semisolid ectoplasm in the rear dissolves and flows forward
b. cilia flagella- paired microtubules slide past one another bending the filament
3. hetero, auto, or both (phago=solid, osmo=liquid) |
|
|
Term
Describe the following for Protozoans:
1. Reproduction
2. Encysment |
|
Definition
1. a. asexual- budding, binary fission, schizogony
b. sexual-conjugation (genetic variation)
2. hard cover forms and metabolism slows; dormancy occurs until harsh season passes |
|
|
Term
| Describe Phylum Amoebozoa |
|
Definition
ex. Amoeba proteus
-pseudopods
-lobopodia
-heterotrophs (phagocytosis)
-some have tests (parasites like Entamoeba) |
|
|
Term
| Describe Phylum Foraminifera |
|
Definition
-pseudopods
-calcium test
-reticulopodia catch prey on the ocean bottom
*Benthic=bottom of ocean |
|
|
Term
| Describe Phylum Radiolaria |
|
Definition
-silica test
-axopodia or filopodia to catch prey as they float
*Pelagic=in the water |
|
|
Term
| Describe Phylum Viridiplantae |
|
Definition
ex. Volvox- multicellular colony, autotrophic
-algae with flagella
-phytoflagellates |
|
|
Term
| Describe Phylum Euglenozoa |
|
Definition
ex. Euglena- autotroph and heterotroph
ex. Trypanosoma- parasitic, African sleeping sickness
-zooflagellate |
|
|
Term
| Describe Phylum Dinoflagellata |
|
Definition
-two flagella at right angles
-"dino"=whirling
-zooflagellate or zooplankton
*plankton=small passively floating animals, plants, protists
-phytoplankton=plant like
-zooplankton=animal like |
|
|
Term
| Describe Phylum Ciliaphora |
|
Definition
-cilia
-multinuclear: macro=metabolism; micro=reproduction
-trichocysts/toxicysts: defensive thread or toxin for paralyzing prey
ex. Paramecium
-endosymbiants (commensal and parasitic)
-suctorians |
|
|
Term
| Describe Phylum Apicomplexa |
|
Definition
-all endoparisites (malaria)
-apical complex: tip where structures are that allow them to penetrate into organism
ex. Toxoplasma: cats, congenital toxoplasmosis
ex. Plasmodium: malaria |
|
|
Term
| Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium |
|
Definition
-primary host: mosquito (sexual)
-secondary host: victim (asexual) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-simplest animal
-cell aggregation grade
-sessile predominantly
-filter feeders
-radial or irregular symmetry
-diverse sizes and colors
-mostly marine and benthic |
|
|
Term
| Describe the water flow in a sponge |
|
Definition
1. ostia- small incurrent openings
2. canals
3. spongocoel- central cavity
4. oscula- large opening at top
5. choanocytes-collar cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. cell body with flagellum
2. water drawn in through collar and exits thru top
3. collar filters food
4. water kept moving thru passages |
|
|
Term
| Describe the different types of canal systems in sponges |
|
Definition
1. Asconoid
-small tubes
-large spongocoel lined with choanocytes
2. Syconoid
-large tubes
-thicker, folded walls for greater surface area
-canals lined with choanocytes
3. Leuconoid (95% of all sponges)
-broader shape
-greater surface area
-canals lead to chamber with choanocytes |
|
|
Term
Describe the following cells in sponges
1. Pinacocytes
2. Archaeocytes |
|
Definition
1. epidermal cells; protection
2. amoeboid; digest food; differentiate cells that secrete structural material |
|
|
Term
| Describe the skeleton of a sponge |
|
Definition
Function: supports body, prevents collapse of canal system
Features: a. spicules- Calcium carbonate and silica
b. structural proteins- collagen and spongin
*used for classification |
|
|
Term
Describe the Physiology of a sponge:
1. Feeding
2. Digestion
3. Respiration and Excretion
4. Reproduction |
|
Definition
1. filter feeders (deritus, plankton, bacteria)
2. intracellular
3. diffusion
4. asexual- external budding (fragmentation) and internal budding (gemmulation)
sexual- sperm and egg form zygote; nourished inside sponge and released as motile larva |
|
|
Term
| Describe the significance of sponges |
|
Definition
1. cleaning product
2. eaten occasionally
3. home for fish, crabs
4. crabs decorate shells (camo, defense) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-endosymbiant of many jellyfish, corals, molluscs
-mutualism
-lives on the inside tissue (hydra) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference between Protista and Protozoa |
|
Definition
Protista: kingdom; not prokaryote
Protozoa: used to be a phylum in animal kingdom |
|
|
Term
| Describe the different kinds of pseudopods |
|
Definition
Lobopodia- broad lobe
Axopodia- thin and radiate out
reticulopodia-branch and rejoin (hair-like) |
|
|
