Term
Define the following:
1. Integument
2. Calcification
3. Sclerotization |
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Definition
1. outer body covering
2. addition of CaCO3 (crustaceans)
3. protein cross linkages (insects) |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Chondrocyte
2. Osteoblast
3. Osteoclast |
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Definition
1. cartilage cells
2. cells that add bone tissue externally (build)
3. cells that remove bone tissue internally |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Sarcolemma
2. Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
1. outer cell membrane of skeletal muscle
2. calcium filled channels adjacent to contracting filaments |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Fascicle
2. Keratinization |
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Definition
1. bundle of muscle cells/fibers
2. keratin protein protein accumulates inside upper cells in epidermis |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Vas Deferens
2. Epididymis
3. Ovum
4. Spermatozoa |
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Definition
1. sperm storage; joins urethra from testes
2. sperm maturation
3. egg cell; haploid
4. male reproductive cell; haploid |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Sprematogenesis
2. Oogenesis
3. Oogonium
4. Speratogonium |
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Definition
1. formation of sperm cells; occurs in seminiferous tubules of testes
2. formation of ova cells; occurs in follicles of ovary
3. primordial germ cell in females that develops into oocyte and ultimately a ovum
4. primordial germ cell in males that develops into spermatocyte and ultimately a spermatozoa |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Heterdont
2. Homodont
3. Deciduous Teeth
4. Horns
5. Antlers |
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Definition
1. different kinds of teeth (mammals)
2. all teeth the same (reptiles)
3. temporary milk teeth
4. both sexes; not shed, unbranched; core of bone with keratin sheath (sheep)
5. males only; shed annually, branched; entirely bone |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Guard Hair
2. Underhair
3. Vibrasse |
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Definition
1. exterior protection, pigmentation
2. interior insulation
3. long stiff hairs around face that are tactile |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Animal
2. Acoelomate
3. Pseudocoelomate |
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Definition
1. multicellular, heterotroph, movement, eukaryotic
2. no body cavity surrounding gut (flatworms)
3. Gut surrounded with body cavity, but no mesoderm (roundworms) |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Plasma
2. Platelets
3. Hemostasis |
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Definition
1. liquid portion of blood; made of dissolved gases, solids, and water
2. disk shaped cell fragments used for clotting
3. blood clotting |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Preformation
2. Epigenesis
3. Slow Block
4. Induction |
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Definition
1. mini embryo in gamete unfolds
2. fertilized egg contains only raw materials that assemble
3. vitelline envelope hardens and sperm entry is blocked
4. cells in particular of embryo determine developmental response for neighboring cells |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Blastula
2. Blastomere
3. Archenteron
4. Protostome
5. Deuterostome
6. Blastocoel |
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Definition
1. hollow ball of cells
2. first cells cleaved by egg
3. primitive gut
4. mouth forms first from blastopore
5. anus forms first
6. cavity in blastula |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Isolecithal
2. Mesolecithal
3. Telolecithal
4. Holoblastic
5. Meroblastic |
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Definition
1. sparse, evenly distributed yolk (mammals)
2. moderate amount of yolk at one end (frogs)
3. mostly dense yolk, only a disc of cytoplasm (birds)
4. whole egg is cleaved (iso and meso)
5. only the cytoplasm is cleaved, yolk is too dense (telo) |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Amnion
2. Amniotes
3. Yolk sac
4. Allantois
5. Chorion |
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Definition
1. fluid filled membrane, prevents drying, shock absorber
2. reptiles, birds, mammals that have a amnionic membrane
3. provides nourishment
4. stores waste
5. exchanging gases with allantois |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Innate defense
2. Lysozyme
3. Inflammation
4. Vasodilation
5. Macrophage
6. Natural Killer cell |
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Definition
1. non specific defense
2. enzymes in saliva that kill bacteria
3. redness, pain, swelling, heat
4. expansion of blood vessels to allow more O2, nutrients to pass through
5. cells that eat invaders
6. cells that lyse invaders and kill them |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Acquired defense
2. Humeral response
3. Antigen
4. Antibody
5. Autoimmune disorder
6. Mono |
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Definition
1. specific defense system
2. antibody mediated response in liquids
3. anything that triggers an immune responses
4. proteins produced in response to antigens that bind to antigens
5. body attacks itself because its self recognition breaks down
6. virus damages B cell system |
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Term
Define the following:
1. B lymphocyte
2. Agglutination
3. Opsonization |
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Definition
1. primary WBC of antibody mediated immunity
2. antigen is slowed or inactivated
3. antigen is marked for destruction by phagocytes |
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Term
Define the following:
1. APCs
2. Allergy
3. Cytotoxic T cells
4. MHC proteins |
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Definition
1. antigen presenting cells
2. over sensitivity to certain antigens
3. WBCs of cell mediated immunity that destroys antigen
4. major histocompatibility complex, protein signals self to body |
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Term
Define the following:
1. interneuron
2. neuroglial cell
3. Schwann cell
4. astrocyte
5. ganglia |
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Definition
1. connect aff and eff neurons
2. support neurons
3. lay down insulating myelin sheath
4. store and provide nutrients and ions
5. bundle of cell bodies outside CNS |
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Term
Define the following:
1. node of Ranvier
2. synapse
3. neurotransmitter |
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Definition
1. nodes between sheathed regions that increase speed of impulse
2. gap between neurons
3. chemical that transmits impulse across a synapse |
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Term
Define the following:
1. medulla
2. cerebrum
3. hypothalamus
4. cerebellum |
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Definition
1. heart rate, breathing
2. higher mental activities
3. homeostatic control: thirst, hunger, body temp
4. equilibrium, posture, movement |
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Term
Define the following:
1. cochlea
2. saccule and utricle
3. semicircular canal |
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Definition
1. fluid filled canal with hairs that correspond to a particular frequency
2. controls static balance
3. control rotational acceleration |
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