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Definition
is an orderly set of stages that tale place between the time a eukaryotic cell divides and time the resulting daughter cells also divide.
(150) |
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Term
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stages of the cell cycle during which growth and DNA synthesis occur when the nucleus is not actively dividing
(150) |
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G1 - growth, S - growth and DNA replication, G2 - growth and final preperations for division, M - mitotic
(150) |
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Definition
each double helix is called a chromatid
(150) |
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Definition
is a moleccule that stimulates or inhibits a metabolic event.
(151) |
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Definition
are external signals received at the plasma membrane
(151) |
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Researchers have identified a family of internalsignaling proteins called cyclins that increase and decrease as the cell cycle continues.
(151) |
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Definition
is often defined as programmed cell death becasue the cell progresses through a usual series of events that bring about its destruction.
(151) |
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Term
| Somatic Cells and Cell Division |
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Definition
cell division increases and apoptosis decreases the number of somatic cells
(151) |
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Definition
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing division, the DNA (and associated proteins) within a nuclues is a tangled mass of then threads called Chromatin
(153) |
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Term
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Definition
includes two chromosomes of each kind
(153) |
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Definition
half the diploid number, called haploid number of chromosomes, contains only one chromosome of each kind
(153) |
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Definition
Each chromosome now has two identical double helix molecules; each double helix is a chromatid, and the two identical chromatids are called sister chromatids.
(153) |
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Definition
Sister chromatids are constricted and attached to each other at a region called the centromere
(153) |
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Definition
the main microtubule-organizing center of the cell, divides mitosis begins
(154) |
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Term
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Definition
Each centrosome in an animal cell - but not a plany cell - contains a pair of barrel-shaped organelles called centrioles.
(154) |
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Definition
the centrosomes organize the mitotic spindle, which contains many fibers, each composed of a bundle of microtubules
(154) |
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Term
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Definition
are hollow cylinders made up of the protein tubulin
(154) |
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Definition
it is apparent during prophase that nuclear division is about to occur because chromatin has condensed and the chromosomes are visible.
(154) |
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Definition
in animal cells, an array of microtubels radiates toward the plasma membrane from the centrosomes, these structures are called asters.
(155) |
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Term
| Prometaphase (Late Prophase) |
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Definition
preperations for sister chromatid seperations are evident.
(155) |
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Term
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Definition
during metephase the centromeres of chromosomes are now in alignment at the center of the cell
(155) |
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Term
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Definition
an imaginary plane that is perpendicular and passes through this circle is called the metephase plate
(156) |
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Definition
At the start of anaphase, the two sister chromatids of each duplicate chromosome seperate at the centromere, giving rise to two daughter chromosomes
(156) |
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Definition
during telephase the spindle disappears as new nuclear envelopes form around the duaghter chromosomes
(156) |
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Definition
is simply newly formed plasma membrane that expands outward until it reaches the old plasma membrane and fuses with this membrane
(157) |
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Definition
mitosis is critical to the developement and repair of organisms
(157) |
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Term
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Definition
is an abnormal growth of cells
(159) |
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Term
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Definition
Benign neoplasm is not cancerous and Malignant neoplasm is cancerous
(159) |
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Term
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Definition
is a cellular growth disorder that results from the mutation of the genes that regulate the cell cycle.
(159) |
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Term
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Definition
the developement of cancer, is gradual
(159) |
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Term
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Definition
the abnormal cancer cells pile on top of one another and grow in mulyiple layers, forming a tumor.
(159) |
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Term
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Definition
many types of cancer can undergo metastasis and spread, forming new tumors distant from the primary tumor.
(159) |
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Definition
the formation of new blood vessels, is required to bring nutrients and oxygen to a cancerous tumor whose growth is not contained within a capsule.
(159) |
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Term
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Definition
specify proteins that directly and indirectly promote the cell cycle
(160) |
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Term
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Definition
specify proteins that directly and indirectly inhibit the cell cycle.
(160) |
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Term
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Definition
DNA segments called telmoreres occur at the end of chromosomes and protect them from damage.
(160) |
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Term
| Oncogenes (cancer-causing genes) |
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Definition
proto-oncogenes are so called because a mutation can cause them to become oncogenes.
(160) |
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Term
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Definition
Cell division in unicellular organisms, such as prokaryotes, reproduces two new individuals.
(162) |
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Term
| Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) |
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Definition
lack nucleus and other membranous organeles found in eukaryotic cells.
(162) |
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Term
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Definition
In electron micrographs, the bacterial chromosome appears as an electron-dense, irregularly shaped region called the nucleoid
(162) |
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Term
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Definition
| Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by binary fission, the process is termed binary fission because division (fission) produces two (binary) daughter cells that are identical to the original parent cell |
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