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1) Mounted: like wet mount of dry mount
2) Preserved: preserved inside a slide or substance
3) Live specimen... i assume they're alive (stained) |
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Saprobe:
is an organism that derives its nutrition from the dead remains of other organisms; a scavenger, if you will. Saprobic fungi usually live on dead vegetable matter |
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Pathogen
is a microorganism—in the widest sense, such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus—that causes disease in its host. The host may be an animal (including humans), a plant, or even another microorganism.[1][2] |
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| Zooplankton [image] /ˌzoʊ.əˈplæŋktən/ are heterotrophic (sometimes detritivorous) plankton. Plankton are organisms drifting in oceans, seas, and bodies of fresh water. The word "zooplankton" is derived from the Greek zoon (ζῴον), meaning "animal", and planktos (πλαγκτός), meaning "wanderer" or "drifter".[1] Individual zooplankton are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye, but some, such as jellyfish, are large. |
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| Phytoplankton (/ˌfaɪtoʊˈplæŋktən/) are the autotrophic component of the plankton community. The name comes from the Greek words φυτόν (phyton), meaning "plant", and πλαγκτός (planktos), meaning "wanderer" or "drifter".[1] Most phytoplankton are too small to be individually seen with the unaided eye. However, when present in high enough numbers, they may appear as a green discoloration of the water due to the presence of chlorophyll within their cells (although the actual color may vary with the species of phytoplankton present due to varying levels of chlorophyll or the presence of accessory pigments such as phycobiliproteins, xanthophylls, etc.). |
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| A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, in contrast to a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells. Historically simple single celled organisms have sometimes been referred to as monads.[1] |
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| A colony of single-cell organisms is known as a colonial organism. Colonial organisms were probably the first step toward multicellular organisms via natural selection.[1] The difference between a multicellular organism and a colonial organism is that individual organisms from a colony can, if separated, survive on their own, while cells from a multicellular lifeform (e.g., cells from a brain) cannot. Volvox (technically a coenobium) is an example of the border between these two states. |
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| Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to single-celled organisms. To form a multicellular organism, these cells need to identify and attach to the other cells.[1] |
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How amino acid sequences can be used to infer phylogenetic trees?
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| Perceiving the pitfalls of blind application of tree reconstruction methods to ss rRNAs, Hasegawa et al. ( 1993) argue that trees constructed from protein se- quences may be more reliable. Sometimes, even when the coding DNA sequences are available, they are trans- lated into proteins for analysis, because the frequencies of the amino acids are much more homogeneous among species than those of nucleotides or codons (Loomis and Smith 1990; Adachi et al. 1993). This practice is able to remove much of the “noise” in the data, but the loss of information due to collapsing character states is ex- traordinary. |
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Domain: Bacteria
Class: Bacilli |
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| Domian: Bacteria Class: Coccus |
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Domain: Bacteria
Class: helical |
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Gram negative and postitive
It is based on the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls. Primarily, it detects peptidoglycan, which is present in a thick layer in Gram positive bacteria.[1] A Gram positive results in a purple/blue color while a Gram negative results in a pink/red color. |
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| Filamentous Cyanobacteria |
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| Anabaena (it's a cyanobacteria ) |
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| Hetercyst is the specialized cell in a anabeana cyano bacteria it fixes nitrogen |
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Bacteria is smooth
fungi is fuzzy |
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Oomycota or oomycetes (oömycetes) form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms. They are filamentous, microscopic, absorptive organisms that reproduce both sexually and asexually.
(it means egg fungi) it is a protist |
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- A plasmodial slime mold is enclosed within a single membrane without walls and is one large cell. This "supercell" (a syncytium) is essentially a bag of cytoplasm containing thousands of individual nuclei. See heterokaryosis.
- By contrast, cellular slime molds spend most of their lives as individual unicellular protists, but when a chemical signal is secreted, they assemble into a cluster that acts as one organism.
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| The ciliates are a group of protozoans characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but typically shorter and present in much larger numbers with a different undulating pattern than flagella. |
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A) Plasmodium, causes malaria
B) Trypanosoma
A genus of parasitic flagellate protozoa causing diseases such as sleeping sickness in humans and various other diseases in domesticated animals.
The Apicomplexa (also referred to as Apicomplexia) are a large group of protists, most of which possess a unique organelle called apicoplast and an apical complex structure involved in penetrating a host's cell. They are unicellular, spore-forming, and exclusively[3] parasites of animals. |
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| Euglenoids (or euglena) are one of the best-known groups of flagellates, commonly found in freshwater especially when it is rich in organic materials, with a few marine and endosymbiotic members. Most euglenids are unicellular. red eye spot |
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| Diatoms[1] are a major group of algae, and are one of the most common types of phytoplankton.A characteristic feature of diatom cells is that they are encased within a unique cell wall made of silica (hydrated silicon dioxide) called a frustule. These frustules show a wide diversity in form, but usually consist of two asymmetrical sides with a split between them, hence the group name |
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| The dinoflagellates (Greek δῖνος dinos "whirling" and Latin flagellum "whip, scourge") are a large group of flagellate protists. Most are marine plankton, but they are common in fresh water habitats, as well. |
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brown algae (singular: alga), is a large group of mostly marine multicellular algae, including many seaweeds of colder Northern Hemisphere waters. Eukarya
can be eaten
Uses: food thickner, treat heart deises, treat acid reflux, rubber |
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The red algae are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae,[2] and also one of the largest, with about 5,000–6,000 species [3] of mostly multicellular, marine algae, including many notable seaweeds.
Uses: gel capsuls, agar(base for things to grow on), nori, stabilizer, keep food from drying out |
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he green algae (singular: green alga) are the large group of algae from which the embryophytes (higher plants) emerged.[1] As such, they form a paraphyletic group, although the group including both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic
Uses: fertilizer, engery source, food |
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| A contractile vacuole (abbreviation: CV) is a sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation. It is found predominantly in protists and in unicellular algae. It was previously known as pulsatile or pulsating vacuole. |
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| difference between cilia and flagella |
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| cillia alot of little ones, flagella if there's one big one at the back orfront |
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know haploid and diploid parts.
Gametophyte is Haploid
Sporophyte is diploid |
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| Know sporophyte and gametophyte phases of any plant life cylce |
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| Non vascular plants and ferns are seedless plants |
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| Know anteridia, contains male gametes |
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Archegonia
An archegonium (pl: archegonia), from the ancient Greek ἀρχή ("beginning") and γόνος ("offspring"), is a multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants, producing and containing the ovum or female gamete. The archegonium has a long neck canal and a swollen base. Archegonia are typically located on the surface of the plant thallus, although in the hornworts they are embedded. |
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| Gymnosperm and angiosperm |
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Gymnosperm
1)cycadales- cycad (looks like palm tree with one thing on top)
2) ginkgoopsida- clover like leaves look like fans
3) Gnetophyta bean pod like leaves
4) pinidae- conifers
Angiosperm- flowering plants |
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Double fertilization is in angiosperms.
One sperm fertilizes the egg cell and the other sperm combines with the two polar nuclei of the large central cell of the megagametophyte. The haploid sperm and haploid egg combine to form a diploid zygote, while the other sperm and the two haploid polar nuclei of the large central cell of the megagametophyte form a triploid nucleus (some plants may form polyploid nuclei). The large cell of the gametophyte will then develop into the endosperm, a nutrient-rich tissue which provides nourishment to the developing embryo. The ovary, surrounding the ovules, develops into the fruit, which protects the seeds and may function to disperse them.[1] |
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The dicotyledons, also known as dicots, was a grouping formerly used for the flowering plants whose seed typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.
| Feature | In monocots | In dicots |
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| Number of parts of each flower |
in threes (flowers are trimerous) |
in fours or fives (tetramerous or pentamerous) |
| Number of furrows or pores in pollen |
one |
three |
| Number of cotyledons (leaves in the seed) |
one |
two |
| Arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem |
scattered |
in concentric circles |
| Roots |
are adventitious |
develop from the radicle |
| Arrangement of major leaf veins |
parallel |
reticulate |
| Secondary growth |
absent |
often present |
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| Feature | In monocots | In dicots |
|---|
| Number of parts of each flower |
in threes (flowers are trimerous) |
in fours or fives (tetramerous or pentamerous) |
| Number of furrows or pores in pollen |
one |
three |
| Number of cotyledons (leaves in the seed) |
one |
two |
| Arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem |
scattered |
in concentric circles |
| Roots |
are adventitious |
develop from the radicle |
| Arrangement of major leaf veins |
parallel |
reticulate |
| Secondary growth |
absent |
often present |
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