Term
| What is Asexual Reproduction? |
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Definition
| Reproduction without sex. DNA comes from one individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell splits into two identical cells. Clones. Bacteria and some protists. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetically identical individuals grow off other individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| pieces break off and grow into new individuals. Also called vegetative reproduction. Regeneration is not reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Production of Offspring from unfertilized eggs. |
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Term
| Advantages of asexual reproduction |
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Definition
| Don't have to spend time searching for mates or fighting for them. |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction: |
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Definition
| Very little, if any, GENETIC VARIATION among the offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Meiosis and sex. DNA comes from two different individuals |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction |
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Definition
| Have to find and sometimes compete for mates. |
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Term
| Advantages of sexual reproduction |
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Definition
| Create a lot of genetic variation. |
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Term
| Simultaneous hermaphrodite |
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Definition
| Has working male and female sex organs. do not usually self-fertilize. |
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Term
| Why not self self fertilize if simultaneous hermaphrodite? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| individual born as one sex but changes to the other. |
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Term
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Definition
| Born a male changes to female. |
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Term
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Definition
| Born a female changes to a male. |
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Term
| Genetic Gender Determination |
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Definition
| Chromosomes determine gender of offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| One fertilized egg, but a mitosis error early in development creates different populations of cells expressing different genotypes. |
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Term
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Definition
| If heterozygous for a pigmentation gene, can have large skin patches of different colors. Sweat glands too. |
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Term
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Definition
| Half the body is genetically male, half is genetically female. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes do not segregate equally |
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Term
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Definition
| When different cells in body have different genotpyes. Cells derived from different eggs that fused. |
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Term
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Definition
| Negative regulatory protein (like diagram). Y-linked gene that blocks X chromosome. Allows "maleness" to develop. |
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Term
| Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) |
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Definition
| AIS. Mutation in androgen receptor on taget cells prevents receiving of male hormones. Genetic male (XY) develops as phenotypic female. |
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Term
| Environmental Gender Determination |
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Definition
| The environment determines the sex of offspring |
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Term
| EGD factors (Environmental gender determination). T/ET/SE |
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Definition
Temperature
Environmental Toxins
Social Environment |
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Term
| Temperature (as Environmental gender determination) |
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Definition
| Crocodiles, some turtles, some fish. Males and females develop at different nest temperatures. |
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Term
| Environmental Toxins (as Environmental gender determination) |
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Definition
| PCB's and other pesticides can "feminize" male turtles and gulls. |
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Term
| Social environment (as Environmental gender determination) |
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Definition
| Some Frogs and Fish can change sex if males or females are rare. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs outside the Female's body. Usually in wet environments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Release millions of gametes into the water and hope they find each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs inside females body. |
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Term
| Internal Fertilization steps: |
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Definition
1.) Sperm and egg cell membranes fuse via ACROSOME (Sac of enzymes that allows the sperm to digest its way to the egg cell membrane)
B.) Fertilization membrane prevents a second sperm from entering the egg.
c.) sperm and egg nuclei fuse.
d.) egg implants into lining of uterus. |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more different eggs that are fertilized at the same time. |
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Term
| What are identical twins? |
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Definition
| One fertilized egg that splits into two genetically identical eggs. |
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Term
| multiple births (see: octomom/twins thing) can be what type? |
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Definition
| Fraternal, Identical, or a combination. |
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Term
| Humans typically have one baby at a time. Why do some nominals have multiple offspring at a time? |
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Definition
| To ensure they produce enough offspring in a variable environment. |
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Term
| Three ways to handle a fertilized egg: (O, O, and V,) |
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Definition
Ovipary: eggs laid outside body
OvoVivipary: Eggs hatch inside body
Vivipary: no egg; young develop inside female |
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Term
| What is a placental mammal? |
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Definition
| Developing embryo is connected to a female's body by a placenta and an umbilical cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Young nourished outside female's body inside a marsupium (pouch) |
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