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BioII
test 1
65
Biology
Undergraduate 3
01/26/2013

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Term
Some of the most dramatic evidence for evolution has come from human agriculture. One of the most highly selected crop plants is
Definition
corn
Term
Natural selection is a process that results in a historical record called
Definition
Evolution
Term
______ ______ is a term used to describe an evolutionary event in qhich darker individuals come to predominate over lighter individuals as a result of increased air pollution and the process of natural selection by predators
Definition
Industrial Melanism
Term
Natural selection varies the shape of the beaks among Darwin's finches in response
Definition
to the available food supply
Term
A technique used in dating a rock can be used to accurately predict the age of the fossils occurring in the rocks. This technique involves
Definition
radioactive isotope decay
Term
The evolution of similar forms in different lineages when exposed to the same selective pressures is
Definition
convegence
Term
Domestication of dogs has led to
Definition
a variety of phenotypes
Term
Industrial melanism is a term describing
Definition
the evolutionary process in which initially light-colored organisms become dark as a result of natural selection
Term
The evidence for industrial melanism as being due to an increase in the dark allele was provided from field tests carried out by
Definition
Kettlewell
Term
The shape of the beaks of Darwin's finches, industrial melanism, and sickle-cell disease are often cited as examples of the process of ____________ leading to evolutionary change
Definition
natural selection
Term
Today, the fossil record
Definition
can be dated reasonably well using a variety of radioactive isotopes with known half-lives
Term
The phenomenon where one species diverges into many by occupying a series of different habitats within a region is called
Definition
Adaptive radiation
Term
Darwin concluded that evolution was at work by studying the shapes of
Definition
beaks of finches
Term
Evidence for evolution includes all of the following except
Definition
intelligent design
Term
Evidence for evolution can be obtained by examining presently existing species through studies on each of the following except one. Select the exception
Definition
analogous structures
Term
Progressive changes in fossils of different ages provides one of the strongest lines of evidence for
Definition
evolution
Term
Structures that are derived from the same body part in a common ancestor but may have different appearances and functions are called
Definition
homologous structures
Term
Many organisms possess structures that have no apparent function, but they resemble structures of presumed ancestors. This is the study of
Definition
vestigial structures
Term
The observation that different geographical areas sometimes exhibit plant and animal communities of similar appearance, even though the individual plants and animals are not closely related, is called
Definition
convergent evolution
Term
The model that assumes that evolution proceeds with slow successive change in a given evolutionary line is referred to as
Definition
gradualism
Term
The type of speciation that geographically isolates populations and results in the divergence of distinct species is called _________________ speciation
Definition
allopatric
Term
Which of the following features of ancient horses is not an adaption for living on open grasslands?
Definition
multiple toes
Term
The side toes of a horse, the pelvis of the whale, and the human appendix are all examples of
Definition
vestigial structures
Term
A type of isolating mechanism that leads to reproductive isolation by preventing the formation of hybrid zygotes is called _________________ isolating mechanism
Definition
prezygotic
Term
A type of isolating mechanism that leads to reproductive isolation after a hybrid zygote has formed is called _______________ isolating mechanism
Definition
postzygotic
Term
Which one of the following is not an example of a reproductive isolating mechanism
Definition
sympatrric isolation
Term
The basic unit of evolution is the
Definition
species
Term
The distinctive role of a species in nature is its
Definition
niche
Term
Two groups of organisms that differ from one another in one or more characteristics and do not hybridize extensively if they occur together in nature are considered to be different
Definition
species
Term
The model proposed by Eldridge and Gould for the formation of species is called the _______________________ model
Definition
punctuated equilibrium
Term
Which of the following statements describe the assumptions of the gradualism model?
Definition
Evolution occurs in spurts, between which there are long periods in where there is little evolutionary change
Term
If populations within a common area split into species, the process is known as
Definition
ecotypical speciation
Term
Natural selection promotes speciation by all of the follwoing except
Definition
promoting polyploidy
Term
To ensure that individuals mate with their own species a variety of communication cues have evolved. Select the exception.
Definition
pheromones
Term
Once species have formed, they keep their identity by
Definition
isolating mechanisms
Term
Many species might coexist in a particular environment by occupying different areas called
Definition
habitats
Term
All of the following are examples of prezygotic isolating mechanisms except
Definition
hybrid sterility
Term
Prezygotic mechanisms lead to reproductive isolation by preventing the formation of
Definition
hybrid zygotes
Term
All of the following are examples of prezygotic isolating mechanisms except
Definition
hybrid sterility
Term
One of the main isolating mechanisms among hundreds of species of Drosophilia in Hawaii appears to be
Definition
geographical
Term
Which one of the following could not apply to a postzygotic isolating mechanism?
Definition
hybrids cannot be formed
Term
The biological species concept proposed by Ernst Mayr emphasizes all of the following except
Definition
hybridization between different species
Term
Sympatric speciation can involve all of the following except
Definition
two or more populations separated by a geographic barrier
Term
The biologica species concept of Ernst Mayr can be applied to all of the following except
Definition
fossil organisms
Term
Which of the following phrases is not an essential part of the biological species concept
Definition
reproductive isolation
Term
Which of the following is true about speciation on island archipelagos
Definition
most speciation occurs allopatrically
Term
The isolating mechanism that prevents hybridization between horses and donkeys is
Definition
postzygotic
Term
Adaptive radiation is olikely to produce several to many
Definition
species clusters
Term
A classical example of adaptive radiation is seen in
Definition
Hawaiian finches
Term
Very rapid speciation occurred when cichlid fishes were isolated in Lake Victoria. Widespread extinction was dramatically seen when
Definition
predatory fish were added
Term
a body part on an animal that, in the past had a use, but now is essentially useless
Definition
vestigial structure
Term
study of the geographic distribution of species
Definition
biogeography
Term
species that live in the same area
Definition
sympatic
Term
"groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups
Definition
biological species concept
Term
populations whose members do not mate with each other or who cannot produce fertile offspring are
Definition
reproductively isolated
Term
barriers that prevent genetic exchange between species
Definition
reproductive isolating mechanisms
Term
a barrier mechanism that prevents the proper functioning of zygotes
Definition
prezygotic isolating mechanisms
Term
barrier mechanism that prevent proper functioning of zygotes after they form
Definition
postzygotic isolating mechanisms
Term
chemical signals that are sent between two animals
Definition
pheromones
Term
process that produces individual that have more than two sets of chromosomes
Definition
polyploidy
Term
polyploidy process where all of the chromosomes may arise from a single species
Definition
autopolyploidy
Term
polyploidy process that may happen when two species hybridize
Definition
allopolyploidy
Term
when natural selection in each species favors those individuals that use resources not used by the other species
Definition
character displacement
Term
when a new trait evolves within a species allowing it to use resources or other aspects of the environment that were previously inaccessible
Definition
key innovation
Term
when a species evolves from a common ancestor by adapting to different parts of the environment
Definition
adaptive radiations
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