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Definition
| incidental loss of species caused by local factors (habitat change, predation) |
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| simultaneous, catastrophic, and global loss of species from many groups |
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Definition
| same body forms appearing in multiple orders |
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| species' evolutionary pasts |
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| evolutionary past of regions of occupancy |
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Definition
smaller mammals on islands are larger than close relatives on mainland (insular gigantism). Why? Small mammals do not face as many predators -> more sexual selection for larger size.
large mammals show opposite trend (insular dwarfism) |
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Definition
| latitidinal breadth of species ranges increases from equator to poles |
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| body sizes increase with latitude, due to increased heat-conserving capacity of large critters (SA:V) |
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Definition
| in cold, environments, appendages are shorter than hot environments to minimize heat loss |
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| Pelage colors are darker in humid areas than dry areas |
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populations in warm areas have less underfur and shorter guard hairs
litter sizes are higher in cool climates |
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Definition
species diversity decreases from equator to poles because of constant season -> more energy available
earliest ecological pattern described
not consistent with marine mammals |
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| diversity decreases with increasing elevation -> decreased productivity, lower area at higher elevations, refugia? |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of geographical distributions of organisms, their habitats, and the historical and biological factors that produce them |
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Term
| mammalian zoogeography is special because... |
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Definition
1. mammals lack dispersal abilities of birds and insects
2. mammals radiated while continents were separating
3. distributions are strongly influenced by climate, glaciations, sea level fluctuations, and humans |
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Term
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Definition
| complete area of earth over which an individual species occurs, obtained from museum records and locality info |
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Term
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| the restriction of a species' range to a certain area, or lack thereof |
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| gaps in the range of related species or clades, or lack thereof |
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| changes in species ranges over time: enedmism and disjunct distributions |
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Definition
| focuses on current distributions of species interactions and their environments (If A then B), species richness |
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Term
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Definition
| variability of species within a region |
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Term
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| account for individuals of each species |
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Term
| What was Wegner's evidence for continental drift? |
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Definition
1. fit of opposing continental shelf edges
2. disjunction of enemism of fossils
3. shrinking orange hypothesis: as the earth cools, it shrinks -> inner is more pliable than outer, causing buckles -> mountain ranges (not random, curvilinear)
not accepted because people didn't understand movement |
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Term
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Definition
Plate tectonics:
heat from earth's core radiates outwards, creating convection cells in molten rock
molten material from core pushes to surface at mid-ocean ridges and pushes crust laterally, driving plate movement |
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Definition
| event that isolates two groups from one another |
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| when a less common member of a species is isolated, creating a new population that reflects the less common trait from the old population |
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physical separation that creates isolation
most common method of speciation among mammals |
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| provides minimal resistance to passage between two areas (europe/asia connection) |
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| a dispersal route that allows some taxa to pass, but blocks others (size limiting door way) |
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Definition
dispersal by flying or rafting
low probability of success |
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Definition
| individuals have no active role |
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Definition
| individuals move by their own locomotion |
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| movement of an organism from one area to another during its lifetime |
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Definition
| extention of a species through active and passive dispersal |
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