Term
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Definition
| a __ is an assemblage of species living close enough for potential interaction |
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Term
| interspecific interaction |
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Definition
| ___ affect their survival and reproduction. Such as competition, predation, herbivory and symbiosis. |
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Term
| interspecific competition |
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Definition
| ___ occurs when species compete for a particular limited resource. |
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Term
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Definition
| strong competition can lead to ___: the local elimination of one of the two species. |
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Term
| competitive exclusion principle |
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Definition
| The ___ states that two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot coexist int eh same place. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ___ is an organism's total use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| two species cannot coexist in a community if their ___ are identical |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist |
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Term
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Definition
| because of competition, a species' ___ may be different than its ___ niche |
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Term
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Definition
| In ___, characteristics can be more divergent in sympatric populations than in allopatric populations of the smae two species. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is an interaction where one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey |
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Term
| claws, teeth, stingers and poison |
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Definition
| feeding adaptations of predators include: |
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Term
| crypsis, also called cryptic coloration, or camouflage |
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Definition
| animals also display a great variety of defensive adaptations: |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ warns predators to stay away from prey |
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Term
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Definition
| In ___ a palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable model |
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Term
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Definition
| In ___, two or more unpalatable species resemble each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___, the process in which an herbivore eats parts of a plant has led to the evolution of plant mechanical and chemical defenses and consequent adaptations by herbivores. |
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Term
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Definition
| In ____, one organism derives its nourishment from another, its host, which is harmed in the process. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ strongly influences community structure - reducing density of the parasitized species. ___ have similar affects on communities. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___, disease-causing agents are typically bacteria, viruses, or protists |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is an interaction that benefits both speceis |
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Term
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Definition
| in ___ one species benefits and the other is not effected |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is hard to document. it is reciprocal genetic change by interacting species |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the variety of different organisms that make up a community |
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Term
| species richness and relative abundance |
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Definition
| Species diversity has two components: ___ and ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the total number of different species in the community |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the proportion that each species makes up of the total individuals int eh community |
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Term
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Definition
| two different communities can have the same species richness but different ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| a community with an ___ species abundance is more diverse than one in which some species ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ measures evenness of communities. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the feeding relationships between organisms in a community |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ link the trophic levels from producers to top carnivores. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___ is a branching food chain of trophic interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| The ___ says that the length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain. this inefficiency is the reason why eating vegetarian is good for the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are those species in a community that are the most abundant or have the highest biomass. they exert powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___ is one that has a large effect on the diversity of an ecosystem relative to its biomass (the amount of ecological space it occupies) |
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Term
| sea stars on the Northwest Pacific coast |
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Definition
| ___ are an example of a keystone species. |
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Term
| intertidal species diversity |
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Definition
| Sea stars help maintain ___. |
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Term
| foundation species (ecosystem engineers) |
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Definition
| These organims exert their influence by causing physical changes in the environment that affect community structure |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ increase the survival and reproduction of other species in the community |
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