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| ___ affect evolution but living things also change the planet |
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| Geological events affect evolution but ___ also change the planet |
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| ___ has been a series of revolutions that opened new ways of living |
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| Biological history has been a ___ that opened new ways of living |
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| Biological history has been a series of revolutions that opened ___ |
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| accurate replication and metabolism. |
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| Life is defined by two main properties: ___ and ___ |
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| The Earth formed about ___ ago, along with the rest of the solar system |
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| water vapor and many chemicals released from volcanoes |
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| Earth's early atmosphere contained what? |
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| Most biologists now think that ___ on early Earth produced very simple cells through a series of stages. |
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| Most biologists now think that chemical processes on early Earth produced ___ through a series of stages. |
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| Most biologists now think that chemical processes on early Earth produced very simple cells through a ___. |
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| How many stages do biologists think are in the chemical processes that produced the first simple cells? |
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| organic (carbon-containing) |
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Definition
| Experiments simulating early Earth have spontaneously produced ___ molecules |
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| besides the lightning theory, it is also possible that the first organic compounds on Earth were created near ___. |
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| Some of those early organic compounds may have come from ___. |
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| ___ have been found in some meteorites |
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| Complex carbon compounds have been found in some ___ |
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| ___ may not be restricted to Earth |
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| Life may not be restricted to Earth. Evidence is growing that ___ was once relatively warm, with liquid water. |
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| Small organic molecules ___ when they are concentrated on hot rock |
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| when organic molecules combine into chains |
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| ___ are abiotic clusters of molecules surrounded by a membrane-like structure |
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| Protobionts are ___ clusters of molecules surrounded by a membrane-like structure |
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| ___ form spontaneously from organic compounds |
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| Protobionts form spontaneously from ___ |
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Definition
| ___ can form when lipids or other organic molecules are added to water |
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Definition
| When the liposome is “gives birth” to smaller liposomes |
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Definition
| When the liposome is “gives birth” to smaller liposomes |
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Definition
| some liposomes can break down molecules for energy |
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Term
1. The formation of organic molecules
2. These joining into polymers.
3. Then collecting into protobionts, with membranes.
4. The origin of self-replicating molecules that made inheritance possible. |
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Definition
| What are the four steps for creating life? |
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| The first genetic material was probably ___. |
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| RNA can ____ of sections of themselves. |
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| We know that RNA sequences can evolve in ___ |
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| Some RNA sequences are more stable than others and these stable ones ___ |
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| Early protobionts with ___ would have been better at using resources and would have multiplied through natural selection |
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| Early protobionts with self-replicating RNA would have been better at using resources and would have multiplied through ___ |
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| The first RNA molecules may have been ___, like the sequences we find in viruses |
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Definition
| Are viruses considered a living thing? |
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| they cannot replicate on their own |
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Definition
| Why are viruses not considered a living thing? |
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| They inject their genetic material into hosts cells and turn them into virus factories |
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Definition
| How do viruses replicate? |
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| The first living things may have evolved from ___ |
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| The fossil record chronicles life on Earth depicting evolution over ___ of years |
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| ___ are similar fossils found in the same strata |
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| ___ allow us to date strata at different locations |
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| The precise ages of fossils can be determined by ___ |
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| Besides radiometric dating, the ___ can also provide dating information |
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| Magnetic reversals of the North and South poles have occurred roughly every ___ years, Leaving their record in rocks |
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| The geologic record is divided into ___ eons |
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| The geologic record is divided into three ___ |
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| Archaean, Proterozoic and Phanerozoic |
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Definition
| What are the three eons that the geologic record is divided into? |
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| The ___ began 3.9 billion years ago |
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| The ___ began 2.5 billion years ago. |
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| The ___ began 540 million years ago |
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| The eons are subdivided into ___, ___ and ___ |
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| The fossil record shows a number of occasions when global environmental changes were so disruptive that a majority of species were swept away. These events are called ___. |
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Term
| The Permian extinction and The Cretaceous extinction |
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Definition
| What two major extinctions received the most attention? |
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Term
| The Permian extinction, 248 million years ago |
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Definition
Which extinction does the follow describe, and when did it occur?
– Claimed about 96% of marine animal species
– May have been caused by enormous volcanic eruptions |
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Term
| The Cretaceous extinction, 65 million years ago |
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Definition
Which mass extinction does the following describe, and when did it occur?
– Doomed half of all known organisms, most notably the dinosaurs
– Is thought to have been caused by the impact of a huge meteor |
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| Much mystery remains about mass extinctions but it they did provide new opportunities for ___ into newly vacant ecological niches |
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