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| A group of individual organisms very similar in appearence, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and genetics, whose members are able to interbreed freely to produce fetrile offspring. |
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The place where an organism lives.
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| The variety of life-the range of living organisms to be found. |
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| The number of species present in a habitat. |
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| The process of sorting living things into groups. Natural classification does this by grouping things according to how closely related they are. Natural classification reflects eveolutionaru relationships. |
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| The study of the principles of classification. |
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| The study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms. |
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| Oraganisms that are mostly saprophytic. They consist of mycelium with walls made from chitin. |
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| Multicellular organisms that gain their nutrition from photosynthesis. |
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| Heterotrophic multicellular eukaryotes. |
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| The presence of variety-of differences between individuals. |
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| The differences between genes and the combinations of genes or alleles. |
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| Variation in which there is a full range of intermediate phenotypes between two extremes. |
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| Variation in which there are discrete groups of phenotypes with no or very few individuals in between. |
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| A feature that enhances survival and long-term reproductive success |
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| The formation of a new species. |
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| The 'selection' by the environment of particular individuals that show certain variations. These individuals will survive to reproduce and pass on their variations to the next generation. |
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| When a species ceases to exist. |
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| How can you sample to measure biodiversity in a habitat using random sampling? |
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First look around to see what species you can spot. List the plants but don't deliberately include them in your sample as this will give biased numbers. Instead you can:
1) Take samples at regular distances across the habitat.
2) Use random numbers generated by a computer to plot coordinates within the habitat.
3)Select coordinates from a map of the area and use a portable global positioning satellite system to find the exact position inside the habitat |
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| How do you use random quadrats to sample plants? |
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| `Use a computer to produce randoms numbers to produce coordinates and place the quadrat in this coordinate. Then identify any plants found within this frame. Then measure their abundance using an ACFOR scale. |
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| Sampling Animals is difficult because they move, they often detect your presence, this makes it difficult to sample a habitat. To overcome this problem you need to trap or catch animals and then estimate the numbers from your trapped sample. You shouldn't trap larger animals, just make a note of them through observation. |
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To catch or trap animals there are 5 ways:
1)Sweep netting-walk through the habitat with a stout net. You sweep the net through vegetation in wide arcs and any small animals will be caught in the net. A pooter can be used to trap animals before they fly away.This type of sampling is ideal for low vegetartion that is not too woody. |
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| 2)Collecting from trees-spread a white sheet out under a branch, and knock the branch with a stout stick. This causes small animals to drop onto the sheet. Identify the animals quickly before they can crawl or fly away. |
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| 3)A pitfall trap-this consists of a small container buried in soil so that the rim is just below the surface, animals fall into the container. The container should have a little bit of water in it to stop the animals from crawling out again |
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