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Definition
Grow by extending size of skeleton most have lophophore- used in suspension feeding most larva are called trochophore |
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Grow by shedding external skeleton exoskeleton if it's hard cuticle if it's soft |
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Complete metamorphosis. larva to papae |
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Incomplete metamorphosis Nymph (mini adult) |
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Majority of animals Spiral cleavage gastrulation forms mouth first 2 blocks of mesoderm |
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Radial cleavage Gastrulation froms anus first layers pinch off gut to form mesoderm |
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one plane of symmetry longm narrow body led to cephalization- evolution of head |
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fluid filled cavity only in triploblasts creates container for circulation of O2 and nutrients space for internal organs can be hydrostatic skeleton (nematode movement ex) |
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Definition
| feeding cells of sponges (porifera) |
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| Choanoflagellates vs sponges |
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Definition
both are sessile feed in similar ways sponges are multicellular Choanoflagellates are protists |
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Definition
suspension (filter) deposit fluid mass |
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| Neither protostomes nor deutrerostomes |
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Definition
Porifera (sponges) Cnidaria (jellyfish) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Acoelomorpha (a worm) |
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| Protostome monophyletic groups |
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Definition
Lophotrochozoans Ecdysozoans |
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Definition
all triploblastic all bilaterally symmetric acoelomate (no body cavity) pseudocoelom most are wormlike but--> coelom reduced in arthropoda and mollusca |
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Definition
reversion from bilateral to radial symmetry water vascular system: sophisticated hydroskeleton endoskeleton- hard supportive structureinside thin layer of epidermal tissue |
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Definition
| gill slits, supportive notochord, nerve cord, post anal tail |
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| First prokaryotic cells apeared in the... |
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| most modern phyla evolved during the ___ era |
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| A prokaryote that can form colonies and produce oxygen |
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| Making ATP without using electron transport chain is called |
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all protisits... a) contain nucleus b) are very small c) unicellular d) have cell wall e) photosynthetic |
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Definition
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| protists use __ to form zygote |
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Definition
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| material not used by protists to form outer covering |
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Definition
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| which bacterial group contains most species |
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Definition
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| eukaryotes are more closely related to |
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Definition
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| dinoflagellates are common endosymbionts of |
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| what can most easily be found as the largest in body size (plant)? |
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Definition
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Term
| lichens are symbiotic asociations of fungi and |
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Definition
| cyanobacteria or green algae |
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Term
| bryophytes are dependent on water for reproduction because |
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Definition
| sperm must swim through water to reach and fertilize eggs (water splashes on plants, sperm swim to egg) |
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which is not an evolutionary innovation developed by the tracheophytes? tracheid cells, structural rigidity, branching independent sporophytes, abaility to transport water and nutrients, water absoring rhizoid filaments for water uptake |
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Definition
| water absoring rhizoid filaments for water uptake |
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Term
| T/F: both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia |
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Definition
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Term
| bryophytes never form forests because |
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Definition
| they lack lignified vascular tissue |
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Term
| what plant characteristic is absent in the charophycean algea (closest relative)? |
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Definition
| alternation of multicellular generations |
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Term
| gymnosperms differ from ferns because they have |
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Definition
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| trend is for sporophyte generation to become __ and more independent and gametophyte to become __ and more dependent on sporophyte |
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| the major role of saprobic fungi in terrestrial ecosystems is to |
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Definition
| break down carbon compounds |
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Term
| lignin and cellulose provide rigidity to the cell walls of plants. but in most fungi, chitin performs this role. why is it logical that most fungi don't have lignin or cellulose? |
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Definition
| fungi contain lignin perozidase and cellulase that break down lignin and cellulose |
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Term
| explain how hydtrostatic skeleton works. how is it similar to exo and endo skeleotons? different? |
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Definition
fluid in the coelom stretches the body wall which pushes it under pressure. this allows the muslces to contract against the fluid. |
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Term
| example of suspension feeder that moves and one that is sessile. how do they catch prey? |
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Definition
baleen whales take in water, squish out the water and eat the krill that's left behind. sessile: |
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Term
| bilateral symmetry and cephalization correlated |
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Definition
| bilateral symmetry separates body into 2 parts, tend to have narrow body, this led to the head on one end and locomotion on the posterier. capturing food is made easier with head directing, sensory organs first |
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Term
| what is the interior tube in the tube within a tube body plan |
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Definition
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| motile form of the cnidaria is |
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Definition
| a medusa (the adult.. floats) |
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Definition
| free living flatworms, tapeworms, edno and ectoparasitic flukes |
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Term
| porifera differ from most other animals in that they |
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Definition
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| mollusks have a rasping feeding structure known as the |
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Definition
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| nematodes use for locomotion.. |
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Definition
| longitudinal muscles that contract in waves |
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Term
| almost all major animals body plans appeared in the fossil recored over 500 million years ago in the |
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Definition
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| during which era did the greates radiation of mammals occur? |
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| terrestrial mollusk without a shell belongs to |
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Definition
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| tentalces with suckers and head, large eyes, no segmentation.. |
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Definition
| cephalopoda (squid, octopi) |
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Term
| nematodes have what kind of muscles |
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Definition
| longitudinal, not circular |
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Term
| athropod had a coelom, pseudocoelm? |
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Definition
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| how is water vascular system of echinoderms a type of hydroskeleton? |
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Definition
| water flows in through a hole, ciliea move the water through the tubes |
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Term
| 4 morphotypic traits of chordates |
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Definition
pharyngeal gill slits- used in suspension feeding notochord- supportive, used in swimming nerve cord- spinal cord in vertebrates post anal tail0 used in swimming |
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| evidence that jaws evolved from gill arches |
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Definition
gill arches and jaws are made of flattened bones that bend forward same cells from the muscles of the arches and jaws btoh came from the neural crest |
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Term
| what is a distinctive feature of the chondrichthyans? |
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Definition
| (sharks) a cartilaginous endoskeleton |
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| dinosaurs dominated earth for |
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Definition
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the oldest fossil remains of homo sapiens found so far date from about
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| the common ancestors of all humans alive today lived in africa until about |
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| chondrichthyans and osteichthyans are |
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| cartiligous fish and bony fish |
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