Term
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Definition
| All chemical reactions in the cell or in the body |
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Term
| What are metabolic pathways? |
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Definition
| a series of chemical reactions the molecule goes through to produce a product |
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Term
| What is a catabolic pathway? |
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Definition
| any chemical reactino that converts complex to simple molecules releasing energy |
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Term
| What are Anabolic Pathways? |
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Definition
| any chemical reaction that converts simple to complex molecules that consumes energy |
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Term
| What type of energy is chemical energy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| study of energy transformation |
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Term
| What is the 1st law of thermodynamics? |
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Definition
| energy can be transformed from one form to another but energy cannot be destroyed nor created |
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Term
| What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| Every energy transfer increases the entrophy of the universe |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of disorder or randomness |
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Term
| What is a spontaneous reaction? |
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Definition
| a reaction that occurs without an input of energy that is associated with a release of energy |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of a system ergy that can perform work when the temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system. |
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Term
| What is and exergonic reaction |
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Definition
| Any reaction that produces a product but requires an inpout of energy, g is less than zero |
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Term
| What is an endergonic reaction? |
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Definition
| any reaction that produces a product but requires an input of energy which is nonspontaneous, g greater than zero |
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Term
| How does atp power cellular work? |
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Definition
| by coupling exergonic to endergonic reactions |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of work a cell does? |
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Definition
| chemical, mechanical, and transport |
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Term
| What does hydrolysis of atp do? |
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Definition
| an enzymatic reaction that releases energy and is spontaneous g is less than zero |
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Term
| What happens when make atp? |
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Definition
| it consumes energy and is an endergonic reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that speed up metabolic reactions by lowering barrier levels |
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Term
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Definition
| speeds up a chemical reaction and exits reaction without being consumed |
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Term
| What is activation energy? |
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Definition
| energy that is used to break a reactions bonds |
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Term
| What does a catalyst do to activation energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main characteristic of an enzyme? |
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Definition
| they are highly specific, not any substance can enter the enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance that can interact with an enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| the specific site where substrate reacts with the enzyme |
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Term
| What kind of bond does a substrate form with the amino acids of active site |
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Definition
| a weak bond, ionic or hydrogen bond |
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Term
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Definition
| substrate enters active site, changes shape so it has induced fit |
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Term
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Definition
| substrates are held in active sites by weak bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| substrates are converted into products |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| active site is available for more substrates |
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Term
| How does temperature effect enzymatic activity |
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Definition
| The higher the temp the higher the speed of reaction only up to a certain point after that it denatures |
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Term
| What is the normal Ph lvl for most enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| they are non-protein partners of the enzymes either attached or loosely associated with it. |
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Term
| What are the cofactor inorganic molecules |
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Definition
| metal ions, ca mg, zn, cu |
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Term
| What are the organic cofactors? |
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Definition
| they are derived from vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
| an organic cofactor molecule |
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Term
| What are enzume inhibitors? |
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Definition
| any substance that interacts with an enzume and disrupts its function. Inhibition is irreversible. |
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Term
| What is irreversible inhibition? |
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Definition
| reacts with enzyme without forming a covalent bond which can be reversed |
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Term
| What is competitive inhibition? |
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Definition
| where the inhibitor mimics substrate and competes with substrate at the active site |
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Term
| What is noncompetitive inhibition? |
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Definition
| where the inibitor binds somewhere else than the active site altering its shape so the substrate cannot bond to the active site |
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Term
| What is allosteric regulation |
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Definition
| to describe any case which a proteins function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a seperate state |
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