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Biochemistry: Key Terms
Common Terms found in Biochemistry
19
Biochemistry
11th Grade
05/10/2011

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Term
Metabolism
Definition
the series of chemical reactions that keep a cell alive
Term
Catabolism
Definition
the process of breaking down molecules to produce energy
Term
Anabolism
Definition
the process of synthesizing or building up molecules
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
a chemical reaction in which H2O is added to a compound to split larger molecules into smaller ones
Term
Dehydration Synthesis
Definition
a chemical reaction in which H2O is removed from a compound to create larger molecules from smaller ones
Term
Saturated Fats
Definition
non-essential, unhealthy fats; solid at room temperature; come from animals
Term
Unsaturated Fats
Definition
essential, healthy fats; liquid at room temperature; come from plants
Term
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Definition
monomer of carbohydrates
contain 2 monosaccharides
contain 3+ monosaccharides
Term
Saturated Fatty Acids
Monosaturated Fatty Acids
Polysaturated Fatty Acids
Definition
have 0 carbon-to-carbon double bonds
have 1 carbon-to-carbon double bond
have 2+ carbon-to-carbon double bonds
Term
Dipeptide
Tripeptide
Polypeptide
Protein
Definition
2 joined amino acid units
3 joined amino acid units
10+ joined amino acid units
10k+ joined amino acid units
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
contains aldehydes and ketones, source of energy, Cx(H2O)y
Term
Lipid
Definition
insoluble in water but soluble in organic compounds
Term
Fat
Definition
triglycerides/tricylglycerols, esters of long-chain fatty acids and glycerolhigher proportion of saturated fatty acids than oils
Term
Oil
Definition
have only unsaturated fatty acids
Term
Protein
Definition
contain 20 amino acids, plants can synthesize, animals must consume, humans can synthesize some but must consume essential amino acids
Term
Amino Acid
Definition
monomer of proteins, 20 within a protein, contain an amine and a carboxylate
Term
Peptide Bond
Definition
amide linkage between amine and carboxylate
Term
Enzyme
Definition
biological catalyst
Term
Nucleic Acid
Definition
information and control center of a cell
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