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| Variation in covalent partners, in which each share the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms. |
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| The variation in the arrangement of a double bond. |
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| Variations in spatial arrangements around an assymetric carbon, which results in molecules that are mirror images of one another. They cannot be superimposed on one another. |
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R-OH
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R-O-H
Common in alcohols
Slighly Polar
Tend to form Hydrogen Bonds
Example: Ethyl Alchohol (C2H5OH) |
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R-NH2
Common in Nitrogen Bases
Part of each Amino Acid
Weak base in water, where it accepts a + |
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R-COOH (double-bonded Oxygen)
Common in Amino Acids
Organic Acids, weak acid in water, releases + |
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R-CH3
Common in organic molecules
Nonpolar
Insoluable in water |
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R-CHO (on a Oxygen is bonded on a primary carbon)
Slightly Polar
Soluble in water
Common in sugars |
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R-SH
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R-S-H
Common in Proteins, where it forms covalent bonds between polypeptides.
Amino Acids with a Radical group that contains sulfur=Cystene Methionine |
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R-CO-R
Slightly Polar
Soluble in water
Common in Sugars
Oxygen is NEVER bonded on a primary Carbon. |
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R-H2PO4
Polar weak acid
Releases 2 protons in water
Participates in energy transfers in cells when in ATP
Found in nucleic acids - DNA & RNA |
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R-C-O-R (With an Oxygen double bonded to the Carbon)
Formation of bonds by dehydration synthesis
Combination of an acid with an alcohol |
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C3H6O3
Aldose - Glyceraldehyde
Ketose - Dihydroxyacetone |
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C5H10O5
Aldose - Ribose
Ketose - Ribulose |
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1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Wax
4. Steroids |
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(Hydrocarbons)
Glycine
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Mathionine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Proline |
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(Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone)
Serine
Threonine
Crysteine
Tyrosine
Asparagine
Glutamine |
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