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Biochemistry
Study Guide For Basic Biochemistry
42
Biochemistry
8th Grade
02/02/2022

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Term
Biochemistry
Definition
The scientific study of the chemical substances, processes, and reactions that occur in living organisms
Term
Organic Compound
Definition
A substance that contains carbon and is often derived from living things
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
A chemical bond when the attractive force between atoms is created by the sharing of electrons
Term
Allotropes
Definition
The different forms in which a chemical element occurs, each differing in physical properties.
Term
Carbon Cycle
Definition
The complex process in which carbon is exchanged between organisms and the enviorment
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
The process in which light energy is used to produce chemical energy
Term
Cellular Respiration
Definition
The process where cells use organic compounds to obtain energy
Term
Biomolecules
Definition
What living things were made of
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
Biomolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
Lipids
Definition
Biomolecules that are not soluble in water (waxes, oils, cholesterol, triglycerides)
Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition
Biomolecules found in all living cells that transports genetic information
Term
Proteins
Definition
Biomolecules that are composed of amino acids and are essential to the structure and function of all living cells
Term
Inorganic Compound
Definition
Substances that do not come from living things, and most do not contain carbon
Term
Enzymes
Definition
Proteins inside a living cell that speed up reactions necessary for life
Term
Stability
Definition
The ability of an organism to resist disturbances or to return to its original state after disturbance
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
A state in which biological processes are in balance
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
Describes the process or mechanism that systems in an organism use to maintain stability and resist change
Term
Feedback
Definition
A system of responses to disturbances within a biological system
Term
Tonicity
Definition
A measure of osmotic pressure within a system such as a cell or organism
Term
Chemical Agent
Definition
A chemical compound that is dangerous to humans
Term
Cytotoxic
Definition
Describes an agent that destroys or limits the activity of cells
Term
Dose
Definition
A measured amount within medication
Term
Incapacitate
Definition
To deprive someone of power or effectiveness
Term
Lachrymatory
Definition
Describes an agent that causes the eyes to water/produce tears
Term
Potency
Definition
The strength of something
Term
Pulmonary
Definition
Relates to the lungs or describes and agent that affects the lungs
Term
Toxicity
Definition
The degree to which something is poisonous
Term
Vesicant
Definition
An agent that causes blisters
Term
Disease
Definition
A condition that affects humans function, it results in medical symptoms
Term
Host Cell
Definition
A cell invaded by a virus
Term
Exponential Growth
Definition
A population grows in size faster as it gets larger
Term
Immunity
Definition
The ability of an organism to resist disease
Term
Inoculation
Definition
An injection of a substance that can simulate the body's production of specific disease-fighting cells
Term
Lymphatic System
Definition
Fights infection by filtering germs out of tissue and transporting white blood cells
Term
Pathogens
Definition
Agents that can cause disease such as bacteria and viruses
Term
Viruses
Definition
Very small particles of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein and can only replicate in a host cell
Term
Parasitic
Definition
Refers to an organism that is living in or on another organism
Term
Allergens
Definition
Substances that cause an allergic reaction
Term
Autoimmune Disorders
Definition
The body attacks its own cells and tissues
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
The study of diseases that affect a large number of people to find the cause of the disease and track how it spreads
Term
Idiopathic
Definition
Describes a disease or disorder that has no known cause
Term
Immunodeficiency
Definition
A condition where the body's immune system is damaged or not functioning
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