PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY AKA HEXOSE MONOPHOSPHATE SHUNT

SUGARS FROM Pentose Phosphate pathway enter glycolysis as what?

IS PPP OXIDATIVE OR REDUCING? 

IS IT ANABOLIC OR CATABOLIC?

6-CARBON SUGAR BECOMES WHAT? 

1) Glucose 6-Phosphate oxidized

2) Anabolic

3) 5 Carbon Sugar & NADPH

What are the 2 main things PPP pathway does?

What is a non-significant additional function of PPP?

1) Reduces NADP+ --> NADPH & Gives ribose 5-Phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis

2) metabolism of dietary pentoses

1) Liver, Adipose tissue, Mammary Glands, Testis use NADPH FOR WHAT???

2) RBC's use PPP to make NADPH mainly for WHAT?

1) synthesize fatty acids, cholesterol, steroids

2) Reduce Glutathione

1) Is the Oxidative pathway reversible? Which enzyme is used?

2) What inhibits G6P dehydrogenase?

3) Is the non-oxidative pathway reversible? What does it make?

1) No. G6P --> Ribulose 5-Phosphate & NADPH & CO2

*Enzyme: G6P dehydrogenase

2) High NADPH (- feedback)

3) Yes, from F6P or G3P --> Xylulose 5-Phosphate or backwards

why NADPH and not NADH???

How much % of NADPH produced from PPP?

Can NADPH be made from NADH?

1) NADH --> NAD+ (oxidation) occurs rapidly in ETC chain, so NADPH used. 

2) 60%

 3) Yes (not in RBC) in liver + other tissues

1) Fatty acid synthesis

2) glutathione reduction (Protects cells from H2O2)

3) reactions for detoxification using glutathione peroxidase

i) detoxifies hydrogen peroxide

ii) detoxifies lipid peroxide

1) kill pathogens engulfed

2) NADPH + O2 --> Superoxide --> H2O2

1) Oxidative when low NADPH

2) Non-oxidative when high NADPH 

* Both make Ribose 5P to make nucleotides

1) How does glutathione protect against ROS?

2) Describe pathway w/ all enzymes

1) Reactive Oxygen species make H2O2, Glutathione converts H2O2 --> H2O

1) NADPH + Glutathione reductase reduce glutathione --> Reduced glutathione + glutathione peroxidase H2O2 --> H2O