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Branch of science dealing with the chemistry of living things. |
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anything that takes up space and has wieght. |
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composed of chemically identical atoms. (92 natural and 116 known) |
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| 4 Most abundant elements in living things |
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O- 65% - Oxygen
C- 18.5% - Cardon
H- 9.5% - Hydrogen
N- 3.2% - Nitrogen |
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The smallest complete units of elements |
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| Number of protons in the nucleus; equals the number of electrons. |
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| total number of protons and neutrons |
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| The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in each of an elements atoms |
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| Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons. |
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| unstable isotopes thea can be used to treat diseases. |
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| used to detect thyroid cancer |
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| detect disorder in the blood vessels and heart damage |
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| two or more atoms that are alike |
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| particle formed when two or more atoms of different element chemically combine |
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| depict the elements present and the number of each atom present in the molecule |
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| Show how atoms bond and are arranged in various molecules |
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| Bonds form when atoms combine with other atoms resulting from interactions of electrons |
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| an attraction between a cation and an anion formeed when electron are transferred from one atom to another atom |
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an atom that gains or loses electrons to become stable
an electrically charged atom |
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a positively charged ion
formed when an atom loses electrons |
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a negitively charged ion
formed when an atom gains electrons |
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| formed when atoms share electrons. |
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electrons are not shared equally in covalent bonds so it results in a slightly negitive and a slight positive end.
Ex. Water
Ex. Nitrogen |
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a weak attraction between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.
Formed between water molecule and important for protien and nucleic acid structure. |
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| occur when chemical bonds form or break among atoms, ion, or molecules |
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| are the starting materials of the reaction |
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are formed at the end of the chemical reaction.
Ex. NaCi->Na+ + Ci-
The yeild sign always points to the porduct |
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more complex chemical structure is formed.
Ex. A+B >AB |
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chemical bonds are broken to form a simple chemical structure.
Ex. AB > A+B |
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chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.
Ex. AB + CD > AD + CB |
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the products can change back to reactants.
Ex. A + B <> AB |
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Substances that release ions in water
NaCi > Na+ + Ci- |
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Electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water.
Ex. HCi > H+ + Ci-
H in front it's an acid |
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Substances that releases ions that can combine with hydrogen ions.
Ex. NaOH > Na+ + OH-
OH at the end it's a Base |
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| electrolytes formed by the reaction between an acid and a base |
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| indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution(0-14). |
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| pH7; indicates a equal concentration of H+ and OH |
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| pH less than 7; indicates a greater concentration of H+ |
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| pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH- |
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7.5 to 7.8
caused by rapid breathing, too many antacids, high fever, or vomiting |
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7 to 7.3
caused by severe vomiting, diabetes, brain damage, impaired breathing, and lung and kidney disease. |
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| occurs when an acid and base react to form salt and water in displacement reaction. |
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| acts as acid when pH is high and as a base when pH is low (resists pH changes) carbonic acid bicarbonate system |
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1. generally don't contain C (chains of C)
2. usually smaller than organic molecules
3. usually dissociate in water, forming ions
4. main inorganic compounds water, oxygen,CO2, and inorganic salts |
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1. Most abundant compound in living material
2. two thirds of the weight of an dult human
3. major component of all body fluids
4. medium for most metabolic reactions
5. important role in transporting chemicals in the body
6. absorbs and transports heat |
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1. used by organelles to release energy from nutrients in order to drive cell's metabollic activities like cellular respiration.
2. necessary for survival |
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1. waste product released during metabolic reactions
2. must be removed from the body |
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1. abundant in body fluids
2. sources of necessary ions (Na+ Cl- K+ Ca2+)
3. play important roles in metabolism |
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| Organic Molecules- contain C And H backbone |
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1. usually larger than inorganic molecules
2. dissolve in water and organic liquids
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a) carbohydrates
b) Lipids
c) proteins
d)Nucleic acids |
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