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| adenine nucleotide translocase - |
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| also known as ATP-ADP translocase. Transports ATP formed in the mitochondrial matrix to the intermemebrane space in a specific 1:1 exchange for ADP produced from energy-requiring reactions outside of the mitochondria. |
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| (FoF1ATPase). The enzyme that generates ATP. It is a multisubunit enzyme that contains an inner membrane portion (Fo) and a stalk and headpiece (F1) that project into the matrix. |
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| lipid-soluable compounds that rapidly transport protons from the cytosolic to the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Also known as proton ionophores. |
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| cytochrome b-c1 complex - |
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| A protein that contains a bound heme. |
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| former weight loss drug, is a lipid soluble uncoupler that carries protons to the matrix; it was thought it increased fuel oxidation because it prevented cells from maintaining the electrochemical gradient and synthesizeing ATP; several people died from using the drug and it is no longer used/recommended |
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| electrochemical gradient - |
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| this is the relationship in a membrane between electrical potential and chemical concentrations. The key with this concept is that this is a potential form of energy, that a cell can use to preform a function (work). |
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| electrochemical potential - |
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| a related term to electrochemical gradient; it is the measurement of 1 mole of an ion's mechanical work being moved to a specific concentration. This measurement is important in molecular diffusion (the ability to store or use energy) |
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| electron transport chain - |
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| an enormous 42-subunit complex that contains a binding site for NADH, several FMN and iron-sulfer (Fe-S) center binding proteins, and binding sites for CoQ. |
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| oxidative phosphorylation - |
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| succinate dehydrogenase - |
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| tissue plasminogen activator - |
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| when protons leak back into the matrix without going through the ATP synthase pore, they dissipate the electrochemical gradient across the membrane without generating ATP. |
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