Term
| What are the three termination signals or "stop" codons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the translation initiation codon? What amino acid does it specify? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- 73-95 nucleotides
- Self-complimentary sequences direct the formation of 4 (sometimes 5) stem-loop structures.
- 2' or 3' OH at the 3' terminus (CCA) is esterfied to the amino acid (aceptor stem/ loop or amino acid arm)
- Anticodon located opposite to acceptor stem.
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Term
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Definition
- Ability of tRNA anticodon to form a base-pairing association with more than one codon sequence.
Rules: - First two bases of codon always form watson-crick base pairs.
- First base of anticodon determines how many different codons can be read by that tRNA
- C or A- only one codon is read
- U or G- two codons are read
- I- three codons are read.
- When an AA is specified by several different codons, the codons that differ in either of the first two bases require different tRNAs.
- Minimum of 32 tRNAs can read all 61 codons of the codon.
- Wobble is a mechanism to speed translation by weakening the tRNA/mRNA association without significant loss in translation accuracy.
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Term
| Steps of protein synthesis: |
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Definition
- Activation of amino acids
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination and Release
- Folding and Posttranslational Processing.
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Term
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Definition
| - Of the two tRNAs for AUG, this is used exclusivily at the initiating AUG. |
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Term
| Elongation factors of translational elongation and their functions: |
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Definition
- EF-Tu: Placement of AA-tRNA in A site
- EF-Ts: Reactivation of EF-Tu
- EF-G: Movement of ribosome relative to mRNA.
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Term
| Post translational events: |
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Definition
- Protein folding
- Post-translational modifications
- Protein transport
- Protein degradation
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