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Definition
plants, bread, pasta, rice, potato |
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fatty acid (3), glycerol (1) |
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butter, oil, lard, animal fat, mayo |
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double bonds. bent shape, solid |
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Definition
long chain with carboxyl group on end. ex: saturated, unsaturated |
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Definition
triglyceride: fat. cholesterol: membrane (ex of steroid). waxes: protection (from losing water). steroids: chemical signals (like hormones) |
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Term
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Definition
carboxyl, hydrocarbon chain, nonpolar-hydrophobic, E-structure, bond: ester linkage |
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proteins: characteristics |
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Definition
# and order of amino acids, contains N, carboxyl group, peptide bond |
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Definition
primary: order and number of amino acids. secondary: alpha helix OR beta pleated sheet. tertiary: fibrous, globular. quarternary: combination of multiple protein chains |
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Term
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Definition
a weak type of chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond of another molecule |
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Term
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Definition
dehydration reaction links carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of the next amino acid as a water molecule is removed |
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Definition
between 2 non metals. sharing electrons |
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Term
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Definition
bond between metal and non metal |
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Term
bonds: polar covalent bonds |
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Definition
between 2 non-metals with electronegativity > .4 ...... partial charges |
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Term
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Definition
2 or more atoms helped by a covalent bond |
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Term
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Definition
2 or more elements chemically combined |
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carbohydrates: characteristics |
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Definition
ring shape, hydrophilic because of polarity, hydroxyl group (OH), made of C,H,O. BOND: glycosidic linkage |
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carbohydrates: functions-examples |
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Definition
energy (emediated): starch. structural (plants walls): cellulose. energy storage: glycogen. structural (eksoskeleton): chitin |
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Definition
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protein: functions-examples (7) |
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Definition
defensive: antibodies. signal: antigens. transport: hemoglobin. enzyme: protease. contractile: myosin, actin. structural: muscles. storage: albumin. |
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Definition
meat, fish, eggs, seaweed, nuts, beans |
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glucose, fructose, galactose: C6H12O6 |
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Definition
addition of water to break polymers into monomers |
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Definition
a molecule made up of repeating units (monomers) |
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Definition
building block of a polymer |
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Definition
carbon double bonded to an oxygen and a hydroxyl group (O=C-OH). acidic |
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Definition
proteins, N only found in proteins |
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the total of an organisms chemical reactions |
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Definition
the building of substances by the body |
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Term
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Definition
a protein ( or RNA molecule) that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed into a different molecule in the process. MADE OF PROTEINS |
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Term
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Definition
a specific substance (reactant) on which an enzyme acts. each enzyme recognizes only the specific substrate of substrates of the reactions if catalyzes. OR a surface in or on which an organism lives. OR a specific reactant that an enzyme acts on AND enzymes are specific to their substrate AND unique 3D shape determines which chemical reaction the chemical catalyzes |
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Definition
a substrate fits into a region of the enzyme |
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high temps reduce enzyme activity: higher temps denature enzymes- alters shape and destroys its function |
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ideal pH = 6-8. outside this range -> enzyme action may be impaired |
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Definition
nonprotein helper for enzyme = coenzyme |
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how many elements are naturally occuring? |
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Definition
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what are the 4 most common elements found in living organisms? |
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Definition
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how many elements may be found in living organisms? |
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Definition
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which subatomic particle is responsible for determining the volume of an atom |
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Definition
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a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom with no charge is... |
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Definition
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Definition
same formula, different structure |
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when sodium and chloride bond, which one forms a positive ion? |
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Definition
Cl gains electron = negative, Na = positive |
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Term
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Definition
acid, base, polar, covalent bond, universal solvent, adhesion, cohesion |
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Term
complete hydrolysis of starch will produce... |
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