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Bioanthropology Chapter 6
vocab
24
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
09/16/2011

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Term
arboreal adaptation
Definition
a suite of physical traits that enable an organism to live in trees
Term
bilophodont
Definition
refers to two lower molars, in Old World monkeys, that have two ridges
Term
brachiators
Definition
organisms that move by brachiation, or arm-swinging
Term
canine-premolar honing complex
Definition
the dental form in which the upper canines are sharpened against the lower third premolars when the jaws are opened and closed
Term
dental formula
Definition
the numerical description of species' teeth, listing the number in one quadrant of the jaws, of incisors, canines, premolars, and molars
Term
derived characteristics
Definition
characteristics present in only one or a few species of a group
Term
diastema
Definition
a space between two teeth
Term
dietary plasticity
Definition
a diet's flexibility in adapting to a given environment
Term
diurnal
Definition
refers to those organisms that normally are awake and active during daylight hours
Term
hominin
Definition
humans and human ancestors in a more recent evolutionary taxonomy; based on genetics
Term
loph
Definition
an enamel ridge connecting cusps on a tooth's surface
Term
olfactory bulb
Definition
the portion of the anteriror brain that detects odors
Term
opposable
Definition
refers to primates' thumb, in that it can touch each of the four fingertips, enabling a grasping ability
Term
parental investment
Definition
the time and energy parents expend for their offspring's benefit
Term
phylogeny
Definition
the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms
Term
power grip
Definition
a fistlike grip in which the fingers and thumbs wrap around an object in opposite direction
Term
preadaptation
Definition
an organism's use of an anatomical feature in a way unrelated to the feature's original function
Term
precision grip
Definition
a precise grip in which the tips of the fingers and thumbs come together, enabling fine manipulation
Term
prehensile tail
Definition
a tail that acts as a kind of a hand for support in trees, common in New World monkeys
Term
primitive characteristics
Definition
characteristics present in multiple species of a group
Term
rhinarium
Definition
the naked surface around the nostrils, typically wet in mammals
Term
sectorial
Definition
refers to a premolar adapted for cutting
Term
tooth comb
Definition
anterior teeth (incisors and canines) that have been tilted forward, creating a scraper
Term
Y-5
Definition
hominoids' pattern of lower molar cusps
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