Term
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Definition
- Nervous Tiss: Neurons & Glia
- Neuron Cell:
-Cell Body: Necleus, dentries, axon
-Schwann Cells: Myelin sheath & node of ranvier
-Axon terminals |
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Term
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Definition
The membrane potential is a function of two things:
-The equilibrium potential of all the ions
-The permeability of the membrane to each ion whether ion channels are open or closed
***Because graded potential decay as they spread, cells needs way to boost signal along the way action pot. Are sudden spikes in mem. Pot. Wave of NA+ channels opening
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Term
| Graded and action Potentials |
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Definition
Graded potentials
-Relatively small changes
-Variable in size
-Degrade with time and distance (pebble in the water example)
Action Potentials
-Large spikes in membrane potential (100mV!)
-Can travel far distances
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Term
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Definition
-The synapse is the point of communication between two neurons that operate sequentially.
-Diversity in synaptic form allows the nervous system to achieve diversity and flexibility. |
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Term
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Definition
Biogenic amines: Histamine, Serotonin
Catecholamine: Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
-Acetylcholine
-Amino acids
Glutamate (excitatory), GABA (inhibitory)
Glycine
Aspartate
-Neuropeptides [image]Gases: carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide
[image]Purines: adenosine, ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Voluntary command: Move! --> Skeletal mus. contraction |
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Term
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Definition
-Invoulntary movement
-Parasympathetic: Involuntrary command: rest & digest -->heart, smooth mus., many invoulntary "targets"
-Sympathetic: Invol command: Emergency! --> target cells |
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Term
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Definition
[image]Specialized cells that are dedicated to receiving and transmitting chemical and electrical signals
[image]Responsible for regulating other cells, for thinking, and memory |
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Term
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Definition
Astrocytes: help regulate extracellular media surrounding neurons, provide glucose and remove ammonia, developmental scaffold
Microglia: immune cells of nervous system, act like macrophage: eat bacteria and viruses
Ependyma: line the cavities of the nervous system and regulate cerebrospinal fluid
Oligodendrocytes/schwann cells: make myelin |
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Term
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Definition
[image]Glial cells support, maintain, interact with, and protect nerve cells.
[image]Can indirectly affect signaling between neurons |
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Term
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Definition
- Can activate or inhibit
- Agonist: Activate receptors
- Antagonist: Inhibit receptos |
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Term
| Key difference between many neurotransmitters and neuropeptides |
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Definition
[image]Most neurotransmitters are synthesized locally
[image]Non-protein transmitters are quick acting and don’t diffuse very far
[image]Neuropeptides are made in the cell body and transported to axon terminals
[image]Neuropeptides can be stable and long-lasting
[image]Neuropeptides can act far away from source
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