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BIO66-Human Physiology-SJSU-Spring '11 - CH 6
Neurons
12
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
05/19/2011

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Structure of Neurons
Definition

- Nervous Tiss: Neurons & Glia

 

- Neuron Cell:

    -Cell Body: Necleus, dentries, axon

    -Schwann Cells: Myelin sheath & node of ranvier

    -Axon terminals

Term
Membrane Potential
Definition

The membrane potential is a function of two things:
-The equilibrium potential of all the ions
-The permeability of the membrane to each ion whether ion channels are open or closed


***Because graded potential decay as they spread, cells needs way  to boost signal along the way action pot. Are sudden spikes in mem. Pot. Wave of NA+ channels opening



Term
Graded and action Potentials
Definition

Graded potentials 
-Relatively small changes
-Variable in size
-Degrade with time and distance (pebble in the water example)


Action Potentials
-Large spikes in membrane potential (100mV!)
-Can travel far distances

Term
Synapses
Definition

-The synapse is the point of communication between two neurons that operate sequentially.


 

-Diversity in synaptic form allows the nervous system to achieve diversity and flexibility.

Term
Neurotransmitters
Definition

Biogenic amines: Histamine, Serotonin
Catecholamine: Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
-Acetylcholine
-Amino acids
Glutamate (excitatory), GABA (inhibitory)
Glycine
Aspartate
-Neuropeptides
[image]Gases: carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide
[image]Purines: adenosine, ATP

Term
PNS: Somatic
Definition
Voluntary command: Move! --> Skeletal mus. contraction
Term
PNS: Autonomic
Definition

-Invoulntary movement

 

-Parasympathetic: Involuntrary command: rest & digest -->heart, smooth mus., many invoulntary "targets"

 

-Sympathetic: Invol command: Emergency! --> target cells

Term
Neurons
Definition

 

[image]Specialized cells that are dedicated to receiving and transmitting chemical and electrical signals
[image]Responsible for regulating other cells, for thinking, and memory
Term
Types of Neuro Glia
Definition

Astrocytes:  help regulate extracellular media surrounding neurons, provide glucose and remove ammonia, developmental scaffold
Microglia: immune cells of nervous system, act like macrophage: eat bacteria and viruses
Ependyma:  line the cavities of the nervous system and regulate cerebrospinal fluid
Oligodendrocytes/schwann cells: make myelin

Term
Glial Cells
Definition

[image]Glial cells support, maintain, interact with, and protect nerve cells. 
[image]Can indirectly affect signaling between neurons

Term

Neurotransmitters

pt 2

Definition

- Can activate or inhibit

- Agonist: Activate receptors

- Antagonist: Inhibit receptos

Term
Key difference between many neurotransmitters and neuropeptides
Definition


[image]Most neurotransmitters are synthesized locally
[image]Non-protein transmitters are quick acting and don’t diffuse very far
[image]Neuropeptides are made in the cell body and transported to axon terminals
[image]Neuropeptides can be stable and long-lasting
[image]Neuropeptides can act far away from source

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