Term
| Processes to consider within an ecosystem. (2) |
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Definition
- the flow of energy through the system
-the cycling of elements within the system. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of interbreeding organisms of one species in a habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| all the populations of different organisms living and interacting in a particular place at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
| a place where a community of organisms live. |
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Term
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Definition
this refers to where an organism lives and what it does there.
(including all the biotic and abiotic conditions required for an organism to survive, reproduce and maintain a viable population) |
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Term
| Factors to consider when using quadrats. (3) |
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Definition
- Size of quadrat.
-the number of sample quadrats to record within the study area
- the position of each quadrat within the study area. |
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Term
| Sampling techniques in the study of habitats. (2) |
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Definition
- random sampling using frame or point quadrats.
- systematic sampling along transects. |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of individuals of a species within a given space. |
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Term
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Definition
| the likelihood of a particular species occurring in a quadrat. |
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Term
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Definition
| an estimate of the area within a quadrat that a particular plant species covers. |
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Term
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Definition
| non-living part of the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the activities of living organisms which includes competition and predation. |
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Term
| Abiotic conditions that influence size of population. |
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Definition
- Temperature
- Light
- pH
- Water and humidity |
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Term
| Intraspecific competition. |
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Definition
| this occurs when individuals of the SAME species compete with one another for resources. |
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Term
| Interspecific competition. |
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Definition
| this occurs when individuals of DIFFERENT species compete for resources. |
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Term
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Definition
| this occurs when one organism is consumed by another. |
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Term
| Summary of relationship between predators and their prey-- and its effect on population size. (6) |
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Definition
- Predators eat their prey, reducing population of prey.
- Fewer prey available= predators in greater competition with each other.
- Predator population decreases (as some are unable to obtain enough prey for survival)
- Fewer predators= fewer prey eaten
- Prey population increases.
- More prey= predator population increases. |
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Term
| Major and relatively recent events which lead to explosion in human population. (2) |
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Definition
- Development of agriculture.
- development of manufacturing and trade that created the industrial revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| when individuals move from one population to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| where individuals join a population from outside. |
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Term
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Definition
| where individuals leave a population. |
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Term
| Factors which affect birth rate. (5) |
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Definition
-economic conditions
- cultural and religious backgrounds
- social pressures and conditions
- birth control
- political factors |
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Term
| Factors which affect death rate. (7) |
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Definition
- age profile
- life expectancy at birth
- food supply
- safe drinking water and effective sanitation
- medical care
- natural disasters
-war |
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Term
| The assumptions that the mark-release-recapture technique relies on. (5) |
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Definition
- proportion of marked to unmarked individuals in the second sample is the same as proportion of marked to unmarked individuals in the population
-marked individuals released from 1st sample distribute themselves evenly amongst the remain of the population
-Population has a definite boundary-- NO IMMIGRATION into or EMIGRATION out of the population.
- There are a few (if any) deaths and births within the population.
- marking is not toxic to individual nor does it make them more liable to predation.
- mark or label is not lost or rubbed off during the investigation |
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Term
| Describe a stable population pyramid. (1) |
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Definition
| the birth and death rate are balance so there is no increase or decrease in the population size. |
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Term
| Describe an increasing population pyramid. (1) |
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Definition
there is a high birth rate, giving a wider base to the pyramid (comp. to stable) and fewer older people, giving a narrower apex.
*this type of population is typically of economically less developed countries |
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Term
| Describe a decreasing population pyramid. (1) |
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Definition
there is a lower birth rate= narrower pyramid base and a lower mortality rate leading to more elderly people= wide apex to the pyramid.
*this type of population occurs in certain economically more developed countries |
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