Term
| A protein that binds to a specific regulatory region of DNA to permit transcription of an adjacent gene. |
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| Describes the way in which groups of proteins work together in combination to control the expression of a single gene. |
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| Process by which a cell undergoes a progressive change to a more specialized and usually easily recognized cell type. |
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| The enzymatic addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases in DNA. Methylation generally turns off genes by attracting proteins that block gene expression. |
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| Inherited that is superimposed on the information inherited in the DNA sequence itself. Often, information in the form of a particular type of chromatin structure (a certain pattern of histone modification or DNA methylation) |
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| The process by which a gene makes its effect on a cell or an organism by directing the synthesis of a protein or an RNA molecule with a characteristic activity. |
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| Small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by base-pairing with specific mRNAs to regulate their stability and their translation. |
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| Situation in which the end product of a reaction stimulates its own production. |
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| Regulation of gene expression that occurs after transcription of the gene has begun; examples are regulation of RNA splicing and other RNA processing events, and regulation of translation by microRNA. |
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| post-transcriptional control |
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Term
| DNA sequence to which a transcription regulator binds to determine when, where, and in what quantities a gene is to be transcribed into RNA. |
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| Introduced gene encoding a protein whose activity is easy to monitor experimentally. It is usually joined to a regulatory sequence, which will then switch on the reporter gene in the normal context in which its own gene is usually expressed. |
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| A protein that binds to a specific regulatory region of DNA to prevent transcription of an adjacent gene. |
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| Short sequences within some RNAs that change their conformation when specifically bound to small molecules such as metabolites and in this way regulate transcription or translation. |
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| Cellular mechanism activated by double-stranded RNA molecules that results in the destruction of RNAs containing a similar nucleotide sequence. It is widely exploited as an experimental tool for preventing the expression of selected genes (gene silencing). |
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| Short lengths of RNA produced from double-stranded RNA during the process of RNA interference. They base-pair with identical sequences in other RNAs, leading to the inactivation or destruction of the target RNA. |
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Definition
| small interfering RNA (siRNA) |
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Term
| Protein that binds specifically to a regulatory DNA sequence and is involved in controlling whether a gene is switched on or off. |
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