Term
| Stage of mitosis during which the two sets of chromosomes separate and move away from each other. |
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Definition
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Term
| A protein complex that promotes the destruction of specific proteins, by catalyzing their ubiquitylation. It is a crucial component of the cell-cycle control system |
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Definition
| Anaphase-promoting complex (APC) |
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Term
| Normal, benign type of programmed cell death in which a cell shrinks, fragments its DNA, and alters its surface so as to activate the cell;s phagocytosis by macrophages. |
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Definition
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Term
| family of intracellular proteins that either promote or inhibit apoptosis by regulating the activation of caspases |
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Definition
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| The symmetrical alignment of sister chromatid pairs on the mitotic spindle, such that one chromatid is attached to one spindle pole and the other chromatid to the opposite pole. |
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Definition
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| A family of proteases. Members of the family are activated as part of the pathway leading to apoptosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein kinase that has to be complexed with a cyclin protein in order to act. Theses complexes trigger different steps in the cell division cycle by phosphorylating specific target proteins. |
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Definition
| Cdk (cyclin-dependent protein kinase) |
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Term
| Protein that inhibits cyclind-Cdk complexes primarliy to inhibit progress through the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| reproductive cycle of the cell: orderly sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its contents and divides into two. |
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Definition
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Term
| Network of regulatory proteins that governs progression of a eucaryotic cell through the cell cycle. |
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Definition
| cell-cycle control system |
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Term
| centrally located organelle of animal cells that is the primary microtubule-organizing center and separates to form the two spindle poles during mitosis. In most animal cells it contains a pair of centrioles. |
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Definition
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Term
| duplication of the centrosome (During interphase) and separation of the two new centrosomes (At the beginning of mitosis) to form the poles of the mitotic spindle. |
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Definition
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Term
| Point in the eucaryotic cell-division cycle where progress through the cycle can be halted until conditions are sutiable for the cell to proceed to the next stage. |
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Definition
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Term
| Process by which a chromosome becomes packed into a more compact structure prior to M phase of the cell cycle. |
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Definition
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| protein complex that forms a ring that holds sister chromatids together after DNA has been replicated in the cell cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein complexes with a ring like structure that help carry out chromosome condensation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein that periodically rises and falls in concentration in step with the cell cycle. Cyclins activate specific protein kinases and thereby help control progression from one stage of teh cell cycle to the next. |
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Definition
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Term
| Division of the cytoplasm of a plant or animal cell into two, as distinct from the division of its nucleus. |
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Definition
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| Cyclin dependent kinase whose activity drives the cell through G1 phase |
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Definition
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Term
| Gap 1 phase of the eucaryontic cell cycle, between the end of cytokinesis and the start of DNA synthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gap 2 phase of the eucaryotic cell cycle, between the end of DNA sunthesis and the beginning of mitosis. |
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Definition
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| Cyclin- dependent kinase whose activity triggers entry into S phase of the cell cycle. |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Extracellular polypeptide signaling molecule that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. |
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Definition
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| Long period of the cell cycle between one mitosis and the next: Includes G1, S, and G2 phase. |
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Definition
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Term
| Complex protein containing structure on a mitotic chromosome to which microtubules attach. It forms on the part of the chromosome know as the centromere. |
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Definition
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Term
| Active protein complex formed at the start of M phase of the cell cycle by an M-cyclin an the mitotic cyclin dependent protein kinase (Cdk) |
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Definition
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Term
| Cyclin protein that binds to mitotic Cdk to from M-Cdk at the start of M phase of the cell cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| Period of the eucaryotic cell cycle during which the nucleus and cytoplasm divide. |
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Definition
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Term
| Stage of mitosis at which chromosomes are firmly attached to the mitotic spindle at its equator but have not yet segregated toward opposite poles. |
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Definition
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Term
| An extracellular signal molecule tha stimulates cell proliferation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Division of the nucleus of a eucaryotic cell, which involves condensation of the DNA into visible chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between the opposite poles of a eucaryotic cell during mitosis; during the separation of the duplicated chromosomes the spindle serves to move the two chromosomes set apart. |
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Definition
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Term
| Large protein complex that is bound to the DNA at origins of replication in eucaryotic chromosomes throughout the cell cycles. |
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Definition
| Origin Recognition complex (ORC) |
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Term
| Regulatory protein that responds to the presence of DNA damage, preventing the cell from entering S phase until the damage has been repaired. |
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Definition
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| Structure made of microtubules and membrane vesicles that forms in the equatorial region of a dividing plant cell and from which the membrane that divides the daughter cells will be made. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| First stage of mitosis during which the chromosomes are condensed but not yet attached to a mitotic spindle. Also a superficially similar stage in meiosis. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Period during a eucaryotic cell cycle in which DNA is synthesized |
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Definition
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Term
| One copy of a chromosome formed b DNA replication that is still joined at the centromere to the other copy |
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Definition
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Term
| One of two centrosomes in a cell undergoing mitosis. Microtubules radiating from theses centrosomes form the mitotic spindle. |
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Definition
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Term
| Extracellular signaling molecule that must be present to prevent apoptosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Final stage of mitosis in which the two sets of separated chromosomes decondense and become enclosed by nuclear envelopes. |
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Definition
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