Term
| t/f:Hominids are believed to have come into existence during the Paleozoic Era. |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: Evolutionary changes that create new species and groups of species are most accurately referred to as macroevolution. |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: Two ways natural selection can occur are through founder events and bottleneck effects. |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: Our phenotype is only determined by the variation present in our genome. |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: Chemical selection has been proposed as the process by which RNA was able to evolve into more complex macromolecules. |
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Definition
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Term
) In _____ selection, individuals intermediate in a phenotypic distribution have greater reproductive success.
A) disruptive
B) directional
C) balancing
D) stabilizing
E) negative frequency-dependent |
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Definition
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Term
Morphological traits are commonly used to identify species, which of the following can also be used?
A) The ability to interbreed
B) Molecular similarity (DNA and chromosome comparisons).
C) Ecological factors
D) Evolutionary relationships
E) All of these |
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Definition
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Term
The field in biology that classifies and names groups of organisms into distinct categories is called what?
A) Taxonomy
B) Heredity
C) Physiology
D) Embryology
E) Zoology |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following factors does not result in changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
A) genetic drift
B) random mating
C) gene flow
D) natural selection |
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Definition
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Term
The time it requires for exactly one-half of a given amount of a radioactive isotope of an element to decay is called that isotope's
A) decay time
B) decay product
C) half-life
D) half-decay
E) useful dating range |
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Definition
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Term
Linnaeus began naming organisms that were alike by using Latin names, he gave each organism two names; for example a wolf is called Canis lupis by scientists. What type of naming system is this and what group does "lupis" designate?
A) Binomial nomenclature; genus.
B) Binomial nomenclature; species.
C) Zoological nomenclature; genus.
D) Zoological nomenclature; species.
E) Both binomial and zoological nomenclature; species are correct. |
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Definition
| Binomial nomenclature, species |
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Term
Allopatric speciation occurs because a population
A) merges with another population of the same species.
B) becomes geographically isolated and undergoes genetic change.
C) becomes extinct and is replaced by a population of a different species.
D) shows no genetic change from generation to generation.
E) hybrid sterility occurs. |
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Definition
| becomes geographically isolated and undergoes genetic change. |
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Term
Each of these statements is true about a scientific hypothesis except?
A) A hypothesis is a tentative statement explaining natural phenomena
B) Hypotheses make predictions that are testable
C) Scientists use quantitative data to test hypotheses
D) A hypothesis cannot be falsified |
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Definition
| A hypothesis cannot be falsified |
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Term
In many Stag beetle species males have enlarged mandibles while mandibles of females are much smaller. Which of these statements is considered a valid hypothesis regarding Stag beetles?
A) Stag beetles are black
B) Stag beetles are members of the family Lucanidae
C) Why are stag beetles found worldwide?
D) Male mandibles are enlarged because the larger the mandible the more matings an individual will get. |
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Definition
| Male mandibles are enlarged because the larger the mandible the more matings an individual will get. |
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Term
A phylogenetic tree is actually a ____________ that depicts the evolutionary relationships among species.
A) law
B) hypothesis
C) theory
D) paraphylogy
E) monophylogy |
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Definition
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Term
Fitness is a measure of reproductive success. If an individual with genotype BB produces 6 offspring, and a heterozygous individual (Bb) produces 10 offspring, and a third individual with genotype bb produces 5 offspring, what is the fitness value for the individual with BB genotype?
A) 1.0
B) 0.5
C) 1.1
D) 0.6
E) 0.4 |
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Definition
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Term
Which concept states that " the preferred hypothesis is the one that is the simplest for all the characters and their states" when deciding which hypothesis to accept when deciphering a cladogram?
A) Maximum likelihood.
B) Principle of parsimony.
C) Bayesian method.
D) Both Maximum likelihood and Bayesian method.
E) Both the Molecular clock and Maximum likelihood. |
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Definition
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Term
All the genes in a population are the population's what?
A) phenotype
B) fitness
C) genotype
D) gene flow
E) gene pool |
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Definition
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Term
American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and European sycamore (Platanus orientalis) are tree species that will interbreed if planted nearby but will not normally interbreed because they occur on different continents. This is an example of
A) habitat isolation.
B) mechanical isolation.
C) temporal isolation.
D) behavioral isolation.
E) hybrid inviability. |
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Definition
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Term
Darwin's concept of evolution "the theory of descent with modification through variation and natural selection" can be demonstrated by which of the following examples?
A) A giraffe stretches his neck to reach higher branches. The exercise of stretching up strengthens the muscles in the neck and legs. This ability to stretch is also seen in the giraffe's offspring.
B) A monkey accidently drops her fruit in the salty water of a bay, she recovers the fruit and eats it. She discovers that the fruit is cleaner and tastes better after it has been in the salty water. She continues to wash fruit in the bay before eating. Her offspring see what she has done and also wash their fruit in the salty water. Soon the whole population is washing their fruit.
C) Several turtles hatch from a clutch of eggs buried in the sand on a beach. One of the turtles is the color of the sand, the others are darker in color. The turtles all scurry to the water, but one by one the dark turtles are eaten by birds, only the sand colored turtle survives. When it enters the water the sand color changes to a darker brown. The turtle grows, mates and has offspring that are also sand colored when they are born.
D) A female alligator gives birth to a male alligator that has the ability to change color to a bright white when it is in cold water. The baby male alligator is quickly spotted by a large bird of prey and eaten. |
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Definition
| Several turtles hatch from a clutch of eggs buried in the sand on a beach. One of the turtles is the color of the sand, the others are darker in color. The turtles all scurry to the water, but one by one the dark turtles are eaten by birds, only the sand colored turtle survives. When it enters the water the sand color changes to a darker brown. The turtle grows, mates and has offspring that are also sand colored when they are born. |
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Term
Which is the correct order of appearance of these organisms in the fossil record from oldest (1) to youngest (4)?
A) 1. flowering plants, 2. insects, 3. sponges, 4. prokaryotes
B) 1. prokaryotes, 2. mammals, 3. eukaryotes, 4. fish
C) 1. prokaryotes, 2. eukaryotes, 3. dinosaurs, 4. hominids
D) 1. hominids, 2. prokaryotes, 3. ferns, 4. insects |
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Definition
| 1. prokaryotes, 2. eukaryotes, 3. dinosaurs, 4. hominids |
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Term
How does gene flow affect the genetic composition in populations?
A) Gene flow promotes genetic diversity by introducing new alleles into populations.
B) Gene flow tends to make the allele frequencies in neighboring populations more similar to each other.
C) Gene flow promotes genetic diversity by introducing new alleles into populations and gene flow tends to make the allele frequencies in neighboring populations more similar to each other.
D) Gene flow promotes genetic similarities by removing alleles from a population. |
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Definition
| Gene flow promotes genetic diversity by introducing new alleles into populations and gene flow tends to make the allele frequencies in neighboring populations more similar to each other. |
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Term
__________ is a term that refers to similarities among various species that occur because the species are derived from a common ancestor.
A) Homologue
B) Phylogeny
C) Homology
D) Heterology
E) Morphology |
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Definition
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Term
Which of these criteria is not a requirement for maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A) random mating
B) widespread migration
C) large population size
D) no mutation
E) no natural selection |
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Definition
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Term
Where a branching point in a phylogenetic tree is called a _______ ; it illustrates that _______ has occurred.
A) clade; birth of a species
B) break; death of a species
C) node; anagenesis
D) node; cladogenesis
E) break; anagenesis |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following patterns of natural selection favors the survival of two or more genotypes that produce different phenotypes?
A) Directional selection
B) Disruptive selection
C) Stabilizing selection
D)
E) Adaptive selection |
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Definition
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Term
Changes that have occurred in living organisms over the past four billion years are due primarily to
A) extinction of species.
B) continental drift.
C) changes in geological periods.
D) interaction of genetic changes and environmental changes.
E) the change in the orbit of the moon, causing mass extinction due to volcanic activity. |
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Definition
| interaction of genetic changes and environmental changes. |
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Term
Female peahens choose a male peacock for mating because of the male's long, colorful tail feathers and their courtship display. This is which type of sexual selection?
A) Intrasexual selection
B) Robustness selection
C) Intersexual selection
D) Balancing selection
E) Cryptic selection |
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Definition
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Term
An abrupt increase in the diversity of multicellular animal species occurred during the
A) Mesozoic era.
B) Cambrian period.
C) Devonian period.
D) Cenozoic era.
E) Tertiary period. |
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Definition
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Term
If the genus Quercus (oaks) is monophyletic, then this means that
A) all species of oaks grow in similar habitats.
B) oaks all have nearly identical appearance.
C) all species of oaks are descended from a common ancestor.
D) oaks cannot be classified in a single family or order.
E) all species of trees are classified as being in a single order. |
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Definition
| all species of oaks are descended from a common ancestor. |
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Term
Genetic drift
A. observable features
B. movement of individuals between populations
C. random changes in allele frequencies
D. monophyletic group
E. single species transforms into another different species |
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Definition
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Term
Clade
A. observable features
B. movement of individuals between populations
C. random changes in allele frequencies
D. monophyletic group
E. single species transforms into another different species |
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Definition
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Term
Anagenesis
A. observable features
B. movement of individuals between populations
C. random changes in allele frequencies
D. monophyletic group
E. single species transforms into another different species |
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Definition
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Term
Phenotype
A. observable features
B. movement of individuals between populations
C. random changes in allele frequencies
D. monophyletic group
E. single species transforms into another different species |
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Definition
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Term
Gene Flow
A. observable features
B. movement of individuals between populations
C. random changes in allele frequencies
D. monophyletic group
E. single species transforms into another different species |
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Definition
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Term
Protobiont
A. domain of life
B. relationships among species
C. part of first nonliving structure
D. common ancestor and some descendants
E. shared, ancestral character |
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Definition
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Term
Paraphyletic group
A. domain of life
B. relationships among species
C. part of first nonliving structure
D. common ancestor and some descendants
E. shared, ancestral character |
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Definition
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Term
Symplesiomorphy
A. domain of life
B. relationships among species
C. part of first nonliving structure
D. common ancestor and some descendants
E. shared, ancestral character |
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Definition
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Term
Phylogeny
A. domain of life
B. relationships among species
C. part of first nonliving structure
D. common ancestor and some descendants
E. shared, ancestral character |
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Definition
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Term
Archea
A. domain of life
B. relationships among species
C. part of first nonliving structure
D. common ancestor and some descendants
E. shared, ancestral character |
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Definition
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Term
Paedomorphosis is __________.
A) the formation of limbs from fins in the evolution of land vertebrates.
B) the change from radial to bilateral symmetry in the evolution of plants and animals.
C) the retention of juvenile traits in an adult organism.
D) an earlier development of adult traits in an organism.
E) the development of different types of eyes from a simpler form. |
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Definition
| the retention of juvenile traits in an adult organism. |
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Term
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p + q = __________.
A) 0
B) 0.1
C) 1
D) 10
E) 2 |
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Definition
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Term
The process by which the major landmasses have shifted their positions, changed shapes and separated from each other is known as __________________.
A) Cotranslational sorting
B) Depolarization of landmasses
C) Differential land movement
D) Continental drift
E) Cyclic land drift |
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Definition
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Term
A group of individuals that can interbreed in nature and produce viable offspring would be considered to be a species according to the __________.
A) phylogenetic species concept
B) biological species concept
C) evolutionary species concept
D) general lineage concept
E) ecological species concept |
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Definition
| biological species concept |
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Term
Species evolve continuously over long spans of time according to the concept of ________.
A) punctuated equilibrium.
B) gradualism.
C) developmental evolution.
D) cladogenesis.
E) sexual selection. |
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Definition
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Term
_______________ is change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next.
A) Microevolution
B) Macroevolution
C) Hybridization
D) Law of segregration |
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Definition
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Term
The result of natural selection is ________________.
A) adaptation
B) extinction
C) catastrophism
D) behavioral change
E) synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
A bottleneck event will generally ______________ genetic variation within a population.
A) increase
B) maintain the same level of
C) decrease
D) have no effect on |
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Definition
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Term
Neutral variation is supported by the observation that most changes in codons occur in the third position within the codon, which often has ________ effect on the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
A) a deleterious
B) an advantageous
C) no
D) a mostly negative |
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Definition
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Term
Males competing with other males for the opportunity to mate with females is an example of _________; females selecting males based on physical prowess is an example of ___________.
A) patriarchal selection; matriarchal selection
B) competitive selection; physical selection
C) homocercal selection; heterosexual selection
D) nonsexual selection; sexual selection
E) intrasexual selection; intersexual selection |
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Definition
| intrasexual selection; intersexual selection |
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Term
(extra credit) Molecular clocks are based primarily on rates of
A) neutral mutations.
B) favorable mutations.
C) detrimental mutations.
D) natural selection.
E) phylogenetic trees. |
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Definition
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Term
(extra credit) When Darwin observed several species of finches on the Galápagos Islands had unique beak characteristics, he compared them with finch beaks on the mainland. Which of the following studies use geographic distribution of extinct and living species to determine patterns of evolution?
A) Biology.
B) Geology.
C) Paleontology.
D) Genealogy.
E) Biogeography. |
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Definition
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