Term
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Definition
| spheres (cocci), rods (baccili), and spirals |
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Term
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Definition
| is what most bacteria's cell wall are made of; a network of modified-sugar polymers cross-linked by short polypeptides |
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Definition
Gram-positive= bacteria have simpler walls with a relatively large amount of peptidoglycan
Gram-negative- less peptidoglycan, and are structurally more complex |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria's cell wall is covered by a capsule; a sticky layer of polysaccharide or protein |
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Term
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Definition
| hair-like protein appendages that help prokaryotes stick to their substrate |
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Definition
| movement for bacteria that's toward or away from a stimulus. (positive chemotaxis=toward nutrient, negative chemotaxis=away from nutrient) |
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Definition
| a region of cytoplasm that appears lighter than the surrounding cytoplasm in electron micrographs |
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Definition
| prokaryote might also have much smaller rings separating replicating DNA |
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Definition
| developed resistance cells when an essential nutrient is lacking |
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Term
| Three process that bring prokaryotic DNA from different individuals. |
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Definition
| transformation, transduction, conjugation |
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Term
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Definition
| genotype and possibly phenotype of prokaryotic cell are altered by the uptake of foreign DNA from its surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteriophages carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another (horizontal gene transfer) |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic material is transferred between two bacterial cells that are temporarily joined |
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Definition
| cyanobacteria and methanogens convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia (NH3) |
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Term
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Definition
| carry out nitrogen fixation, (bubbled part of a colony of anabaena) |
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Term
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Definition
| surface coating colonies that use metabolic cooperation between different prokaryotic species |
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Definition
| an ecological relationship in which one species benefits while the other is not harmed or helped in a significant way |
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Definition
| parasites that cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogenic prokaryotes usually cause illness by producing poisons, they are proteins secreted by certain bacteria and other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| lipopolysaccharide components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of organisms to remove pollutants from soil, air, or water |
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Term
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Definition
| modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. |
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Term
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Definition
| a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages |
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