To spinal chord is first order

Pain signals from neck down travel here

Referred pain can happen here because different signals will go through same thing, and most common pain will be experienced

It is where pain signals are stopped

Pain can go here after spinal chord

Can release pain killers

Provide a visceral response to smell

Pain signals from face go here (instead of spine)

Can send signals to OHC to contract ~10%

Used in cochlear tuning

First order neuron in hearing and equilibrium

First order nucleus in taste

OHC trigger nerve cells here

Second order neuron in facial pain

Second order nuclei in taste, and smell

Used to activate gagging, salivation, and vomiting

Emotional response to odor

Hypothalamus

3rd order neuron in pain

2nd order neuron in taste

1st in smell

Causes visceral, emotional, and behavioral reactions pain

Salv, gagg, vomit in taste and smell

2nd order neuron in pain, and taste, vision

Not used in olfaction

3rd order neuron in hearing

Opioids are found here

3rd order neuron in hearing

Used for constricting pupils

Controls visual eye muscles

maleus

incus

stapes

Tensor Tympani

Stapedius

Cross section of cochlea from top to bottom

(inc membrane and hair)

Scala vestibula

Tectoral membrane

OHC

IHC

Cochlear Duct

Basilar membrane

Scala tympani