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Definition
| Chromosomes carrying genes which affect only somatic, or non-sex, traits |
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| Chromosomes carrying genes which affect sex (but may also carry other genese as well!) |
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| Traits carried on the sex-determining chromosomes |
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Definition
Single pair of alleles controls multiple phenotypic traits
Ex. Labrador Retrievers
BB=Black
Bb=Black
bb=Brown
CC or Cc= pigmented
cc= Chocolate ("non-pigmented") |
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Definition
| One pair of allels controls expression of another pair of alleles |
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When 2+ cell lines present in the body; that is, some somatic (non-sex) cells have extra non-sex chromosomes (autosomes)
Ex. Animals with two different colored eyes |
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Some cells in the body have more sex chromosomes than others.
*not the same as non-dysjunction! |
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Definition
Speciation in which 2+ species are formed from the same ancestral species due to geographical isolation of reproduction
-most common form of speciation |
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2+ species formed from same ancestral species within the same geographic area
-not due to geographic isolation
ex. African Rift Lake Cichlids |
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Definition
Incomplete speciation event in which partial reproductive isolation occurs
-Usually due to partial geographic isolation
ex. Ensatina salamanders in CA |
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Definition
| A cross between genes with 1 allele from each parent |
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Definition
A cross in which each parent contributes 2 different alleles
ex. AaBB (one parent) X AABB (second parent) |
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Definition
Characteristics of both sets of alleles are expressed in heterozygous offspring, resulting in a NEW phenotype.
ex. Chickens: BB(black)/B'B'(white) --> BB'(blue) |
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Term
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Definition
When characteristics of both allelesare expressed in the heterozygous offspring phenotype.
ex. Sickle Cell Anemia:
HnHn= Normal
HnHs= Some normal cells, some sickle
HsHs= Severe anemia |
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Definition
When 3+ genes control the same trait. Although several alleles, only 2 are inherited.
ex. Human blood type A, B, O, or AB |
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Definition
When 2+ PAIRS of alleles control the SAME phenotypic trait
ex. Skin color:
AaBbCcXAABBCC---> AaBbCc in F1generation |
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