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| One of two or more variants in a genetic character |
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| Referring to organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self-pollination. |
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| The true-breeding (homozygous) parent individuals from which F1 hybrid offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for "parental" |
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| The first filial, hybrid (heterozygous) offspring arising from a parental (P generation) cross. |
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| The offspring resulting from interbreeding (or self-pollination) of the hybrid F1 generation |
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| Mendel's first law, stating that two alleles in a pair segregate (separate form each other) into different gametes during gamete formation. |
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| Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects |
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| Gene that produces the same phenotype in an organism regardless of allele-"the dominant gene for eye color is brown" |
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| Gene that produces its characteristic phenotype only when the alleles are identical-"the recessive eye color is blue" |
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| A diagram in the study of inheritance to show the predicted genotypic results of random fertilization in genetic crosses between individuals of known genotype |
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| Having two identical alleles for a given gene |
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| Having two different alleles for a given gene |
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| The observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup. |
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| The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism |
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| Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring reveals the unknown genotype |
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| An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles are monohybrids. EX: Parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid of genotype Aa |
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Definition
| An organism that is monohybrid with respect to two genes of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents of doubly homozygous for different alleles are dihybrids. EX: parents of genotypes AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of AaBb. |
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| A rule of probability stating that the probability of two or more independent events occurring together can be determined by multiplying their individual probabilities |
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| A rule of probability stating that the probability of any one of two or more mutually exclusive events occurring can be determined by adding their individual probabilities |
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| The situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is indeterminate between the phenotypes of individuals for either allele |
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| The situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways |
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| A type of gene interaction in which The phenotypic expression of one gene alters that of another independently inherited gene |
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| An additive effect of two of more genes on a single phenotypic character |
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| A diagram of a family tree with conventional symbols, showing the occurrence of inheritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations |
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| A human genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele for a chloride channel protein; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated. |
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| A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable boy movements and degeneration of the nervous system; usually fatal 10-20 years after onset of symptoms |
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| A technique associated with prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid is obtained by the aspiration from a needle inserted in the uterus. The fluid and the fetal cells it contains are analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus |
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