What are Endocrine disruptors and what 
do they do?

Environmental Pollutants that interfer with actions of hormones

ie.  demasculinized male alligators
	m/f bass
	decrease size and function of polar bear genitalia

What is the Endocrine System

long term, minutes to days
has hormone secreting cells
works with nervous system to regulate body activities

what is the nervous system

short term, seconds
communicates
regulates
uses electrical signals via nerve cells

What are hormoes and where do they come from

they are chemical signals
cause specific changes in target cells

secreted by:
                    endocrine glands
	                Neurosecretory Cells

What are Ammino-acid-derived <br>hormoes <br>(aka water soluable or non-steriod)

protiens, peptides, amines
bind to plasma membrane receptors on target cells
initiage a signal transduction pathway

What are steriod hormones?

nonpolar lipids from cholesterol
can diffuse through plasma membranes
bind to receptor protein in cytoplasm or nucleus
hormone receptor complex carries out transduction of hormonal signal

Vertebrate endocrine system consists of more than how many glands 
secreting more than how many hormones

12+ glands
50+ hormones

What jobs does the hypothalamus do?

*Connects nervous and endocrine systems*
recieves input from nerves about body conditions
sends out appropriate nervous or endocrine signals
uses pituitary gland to control endocrine system
blurs distinction between endorcine and nervous systems

Pituitary gland is connected to what,<br> and consists of what two parts?

Connected to the Hypothalamus
Posterior Pituitary and
Anterior Pituitary

Posterior Pituitary is composed of and does what

composed of nervous tissue
stores and secretes oxytocin and ADH

what is the Anterior Pituitary 

synthesizes and secretes hormones that control other glands
controlled by hypothalamus

releasing hormones stimulate
inhibiting hormones inhibit

What gland regulates development <br>and metabolism

thyroid

What regulates blood calcium level

Thyroid and parathyroids

Describe calcium homeostasis procedure

refer to lecture 11 slide 34

What does the pancreas do what secreting what

Controls Glucose maintaining homeostasis
Insulin - signal sells to store glucose
Glucagon - causes cells to release glucose

Describe glucose homeostais procedure

refer to lecture 11 slide 36

what causes Diabetes

lack of insulin or
failure of cells to respond to it

What are the two types<br> of diabetes, describe them

Type 1: insulin dependent, insulin producing cells are destroyed
Type 2: non-dependent, reduced response to insulin

What is the Adrenal Gland <br>and what does it help with

part of the kidney, parts are:
	Adrenal Meddula (inner)
	Adrenal Cortex (outer)
helps body maintain homeostasis during stress

signals from hypothalamus tell andrenal to secrete what

Hypothalamus stimulates adrenal medulla
secretes:
	Epinephrine
	Norepinephrine
(Fight or flight response)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) from 
pituitary causes adrenal medulla 
to secrete hormones that do what

boost blood pressure
boost energy in respnse to long-term stress

Gonads secrete what when <br>signaled by what

Sex hormones:
	estrogens, progestins, androgens
signaled by:
	      Hypothalamus
	  Pituitary	

Estrogens and progestins do what?

stimulate development of female characteristics
maintains female reproductive system

What are Androgens?

Such as testosterone
developes male characteristics

What are some things Prolactin(a hormone) do to humans and non humans

Humans:
	stimulates glands to grow and produce milk, late pregnancy
NonHumans:
	Nonhuman mammals¡ = stimulates nest building
	Birds¡ = regulates fat metabolism and reproduction
	Amphibians¡ = movement to water
	Fish¡ = migration between salt and fresh water