Term
Esophagus-
Epiglottis-
Pharynx-
Peristalsis- |
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Definition
-The passageway from the pharynx to stomach
-covers the trachea-keeps food from going to lungs down the trachea.
-common passageway between nasal cavaties and trachea/esophagus
-muscles that help you transport food down to your stomach |
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Term
| What kinds of digestions occur in the mouth? What happens at each type? |
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Definition
-Physical and chemical digestion
-physical-just breaking down food with teeth and tongue
-chemical-salivary glands secretes water and amylase, which helps break starches and glycogen into simple sugars. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The primary enzyme in the digestive system. it is in the stomach and breaks down proteins chemically. (chemical disgestion) |
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Term
| What are the parts of the small intestine and what do they do? |
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Definition
-Pancreas-produces bicarbonate which regulates acid during digestion. It also produces lipase, which digests fats.
-Gallbladder-(think of bladder as something that spills stuff out)-gallbladder secretes bile
-Liver-This produces bile
(they all work together but gallbladder and liver work the most closely together) |
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Term
Bile:
Where is it produced and what released?
-What is its function?
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Definition
-This is what is made by the liver and secreted by the gallbladder.
-It makes lipids smaller so it can be digested by lipase. |
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Term
| What is the general thing that happens in the stomach What 2 specific things happen to do this. Explain each. |
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Definition
-Breaks up food
-Physical Digestion-muscle contractions and acid
-Chemical digestion-Pepsin (enzyme) breaks down proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is in the pancreas (small instestine) and neutralizes acid levels |
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Term
| What is the order of the body's parts in the digestive system? (5) |
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Definition
| mouth, pharynx/esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
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Term
| What does the large intestine do? (2 things) |
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Definition
-absorbs water (may have played a part in evolution when we went onto land from water)
-Bacterial symbiosis |
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Term
| Bacterial symbiosis (does 2 things). Also, where is it? |
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Definition
-breaks down nutrients
-synthesize vitamins |
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Term
| -What types of environments make for successful enzymes? -What can happen if not the right type of environment? |
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Definition
-The body's temperature cannot be too high.
-Proteins can denature-can be caused by strong acids or bases, change in temps., etc. The proteins change shape which keeps it from doing the functions they normally do. can lead to cell death or malfunction. |
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Term
How much energy/calories are in each per gram?
-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Fats
-Alcohol
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Definition
-4 per gram
-4 per gram
-9 per gram
-7 per gram
fats have the most energy but the healthier ones only have 4. |
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Term
| What are essential nutrients? |
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Definition
| Nutrients you can't make on your own and that you have to get from food/drinks |
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Term
| What is a goiter and how is it caused? |
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Definition
| -Not enough iodine in your diet. Causes your endocrine glands to bloat up. |
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Term
| What is one malfunction large intestines can have as a result of medicines? |
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Definition
| -Antibiotics can kill the symbiotic bacteria in there. causes more diarrhea |
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Term
| What are the villi used for? Where are they? |
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Definition
-These are used to increase surface area in small intestine.
-absorb nutrients into blood stream for circulation |
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Term
| What happens in celiac disease? |
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Definition
| -body breaks down villi-->decrease surface area so nutrients can't go to the bloodstream and therefore not enough energy |
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