Term
| What are the parts of the cell theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organelles would not be found in an animal cell? |
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Definition
-cell walls
-chloroplasts
-central vacuole |
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Term
| What organelles would not be found in a plant cell? |
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Definition
-centrioles
-typically lysosomes |
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Term
| What do several tissues grouped together and working as a unit form? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of cells are composed of bacteria and similar organisms which lack a true nucleus and have only non-membrane bound organelles? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic cells. They would also be about 10X smaller than eukaryotic cells |
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Term
| Protein synthesis occurs on which organelle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a solution called if the concentration of solutes is greater within a cell than in the solution which surrounds it? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which way will water tend to flow? |
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Definition
| Water flows toward the hypertonic solution |
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Term
| What are two functions of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
-regulates what enters and leaves the cell
-protects and supports the cell |
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Term
| What is the fluid mosaic model? |
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Definition
| The membrane is fluid, because it is made of phospholipids floating in a liquid environment. The “mosaic” idea is that there are lots of other molecules floating in the phospholipid including proteins and carbohydrates. |
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Term
| What is a condition where molecules flow into a cell where an enzyme aids in the transport of the molecule and the cell must expend some energy called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the scientist who looked at cork and named the sections he saw cells in 1665? |
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Definition
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Term
| When tissues work together to accomplish a function, what do they form? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would a red blood cell placed in distilled water be called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three functions of the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
-supports and gives shape to the cell
-movement(flagella/cilia)
-microtubules are involved in cell division as spindle fibers and centrioles |
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Term
| What type of cell would contain a lot of endoplasmic reticulum? |
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Definition
Cells that make a lot of proteins would have a lot of ribosomes and rough ER.
ex: pancreatic cells |
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Term
| What type of cell would contain a lot of small endoplasmic reticulum? |
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Definition
-hormone makers ex: ovaries & testes
-detoxifying cells ex: liver |
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'hyper' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the greek root Pro mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the greek root 'Eu' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the root 'Cyto' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'Chloro' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'Endo' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'Exo' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'Iso' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'Hyper' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'Hypo' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'Lysis' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the greek root 'Chroma' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'Soma' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'Phago' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the greek root 'Multi' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'Uni' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Greek root 'Phyll' mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Golgi apparatus do? |
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Definition
| sorts, modifies, and packages proteins/other materials from the ER for use, storage, or secretion from the cell |
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Term
| What is the Golgi apparatus sometimes called? |
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Definition
| the 'cellular post office' |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, dense region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled |
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Term
| What type of organism would contain prokaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| Only bacteria and archaebacteria |
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Term
| What is the role of carbohydrates in the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| They act as chemical ID cards allowing cells to recognize each other. |
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Term
| What are cell walls mostly made up of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are plant cell walls made up of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does grass die if you put too much fertilizer around a plant? |
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Definition
| you are creating a hypertonic environment around the cell. |
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Term
| What happens when the grass dies when you over-fertilize it? |
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Definition
| Water will flow out of the cell into the surrounding environment, and the cell will plasmolyze. |
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Term
| What are examples of tissues for animals & humans? |
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Definition
-muscle tissue
-nervous tissue
-epithelial tissue
-connective tissue |
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Term
| What are four types of vacuoles? |
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Definition
Central vacuole in plant cells
Contractile vacuole in some unicellular organisms
Food vacuole
Waste vacuole |
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Term
| What do Golgi bodies often do? |
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Definition
| produce or modify compounds for secretion from the cell |
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Term
| Does diffusion require energy from the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What environment does every cell exist in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are cell membranes largely composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is facilitated diffusion active or passive? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are all living things made up of? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does water enter cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cells make up the majority of Earth's cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of cells can vacuoles be found in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are spindle fibers made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three substances must pass across the cell membrane to keep the cell alive? |
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Definition
-food
-oxygen
-nutrients
-waste |
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Term
| What are the 4 components of every cell? |
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Definition
| cell membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, ad DNA |
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Term
| What are the three parts of the cell theory? |
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Definition
-all living things are made up of cells
-cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things
-New cells are produced from existing cells |
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Term
| What is the function of the nucleolus? |
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Definition
| it's where the assembly of ribosomes begins |
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Term
| What are the different types of vacuoles? |
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Definition
-contractile: pumps out excess water
-central: fills with liquid to give rigidity and support
-food: storage for molecules that are a food source |
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Term
| Who are Schleiden and Schwann? |
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Definition
| the scientists that concluded that plants and animals are made up of cells |
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Term
| What evidence supports endosymbiosis? |
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Definition
-Mitochondria and chloroplast are the same size as prokaryotic cells
-M&C have their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to Prokaryotes
-They have a double membrane like they were taken into a food vacuole |
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Term
| What are the two types of electron microscopes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do microscopes magnify an image? |
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Definition
| they use lenses to to magnify by focusing light or electrons |
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Term
| What are the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
Eukaryotes have nuclei and Prokaryotes don't,
Eukaryotes are larger and more complex, but Prokaryotes can do every activity associated with living things |
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Term
| What are the 4 parts of the Nucleus? |
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Definition
The Nuclear Envolope
The Nucleus
The Nucleolus
the Chromatin that are located inside the Nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why would it be a mistake to say that single-cell organisms are “simple”? |
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Definition
| because that one cell has to accomplish all the functions of life |
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Term
| What is the difference between a plant and an animal cell? |
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Definition
| A plant cell has chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a central vacuole. An animal cell has centrioles |
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Term
| How do substances enter a cell? |
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Definition
| through the cell membrane |
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Term
| How does osmosis differ from diffusion? |
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Definition
| diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, osmosis is that in water(high water con. to low water con.) |
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Term
| What does a hypertonic solution do to a cell? |
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Definition
| it causes water to flow out of a cell |
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Term
| What does a hypotonic solution do to a cell? |
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Definition
| it causes water to flow in |
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Term
| What happened when the cells in the anarchis plant were surrounded in salt water? |
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Definition
| they scrunched up/shrank because it created a hypertonic solution |
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