Term
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Definition
Speed up chemical reactions.
Ex. Digestive Enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
Protect against disease.
Ex. Antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
Storing Amino Acids
Ex. Casen/Milk, Ovalbumin, Egg |
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Term
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Definition
Transport Substances
Ex. Hemoglobin (oxygen through blood) |
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Term
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Definition
Coordinate activities
Ex. Insulin (regulates blood sugar) |
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Term
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Definition
Response to stimuli
Ex. Nerve cell |
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Term
| Contractile and Motor Proteins |
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Definition
Movement
Ex. Motor(Cilia, Flagella.) Contracile ( actin and myosin) |
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Term
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Definition
Functions as support
Ex. Keratin (protein for hair and other skin appendages)
Fiber(webs),
Collagin (connective tissue) |
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Term
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Definition
| Unbranched polymers built from 20 amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Monomers of proteins. Function depends on R groups |
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Term
| Electrically Charged R groups of Amino Acids |
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Definition
| Acidic is negative, Basic is positive. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Making Polypeptides involves which kind of process |
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Definition
| Dehydration Synthisis (loss of water molecule) |
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Term
| Groove in a protein structure |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary Protein Structure |
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Definition
| Unique sequence of amino acids. Genetic information. |
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Term
| Secondary Protein Structure |
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Definition
| Coils and folds in the polypeptide chain. Results from H bonds along Polypeptide Backbone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Created by interactions among various side chains (R groups). |
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Term
| Tertiary R group interactions |
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Definition
| Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, Van der waals interactions, disulfide bridges |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein with mulitpile polypeptide chains. |
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Term
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Definition
| Three polypeptides coiled like a rope |
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Term
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Definition
| inherited blood disorder from a single amino acid substitution. (number 6 is different) |
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Term
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Definition
| Denature is straighting out, renature is coiling back |
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Term
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Definition
| Assist proper protein folding. (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and mad cow) |
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Term
| Polypeptide sequence of amino acids is directed by what? (composed of DNA) |
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Definition
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Term
| Nucleic Acids are made of what kind of monomers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) |
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Definition
| Provides directions for its own replication, codes for messenger RNA |
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Term
| Protein synthesis occurs where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is composed of a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ring structure has a OH at 2 prime? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nitrogenous base has two fused rings? |
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Definition
| Purine (pyrimidine only has one) |
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Term
| What is a phosphodiester bond composed of? |
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Definition
| OH group at 3', Phosphate group at 5'. Backbone created by sugar-phosphate and nitrogenous base. |
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Term
| Structure of DNA molecule |
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Definition
| Runs antiparallel, Backbones run in opposite 5' to 3' directions |
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Term
| What are the complementary base pairs for DNA and RNA? |
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Definition
Adenine (A) pairs to Thymine (T)
Guanine (G) pairs to Cytosine (C)
For RNA, Thymine is replaced by Uracil (U) |
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Term
| Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic? |
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Definition
Eukaryotic cell DNA is in the nucleus.
Prokaryotic, DNA Nucleoid (outside) |
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Term
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Definition
| Encloses nucleus, nuclear membrane is a double membrane. Continuous at the ER |
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Term
| What are the components of the endomembrane system |
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Definition
| Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane. |
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Term
| What is the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) made of? |
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Definition
| Filled cytosol. Glycoproteins; Collagen, proteoglycans, fibronectin. Provides support, adhesion, movement, regulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| channels that go through plant cell walls. Water, small solutes, (sometimes proteins & RNA) pass through |
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Term
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Definition
Neighboring cells pressed together to prevent leakage.
Ex. Sweat Glands |
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Term
| Desmosomes (anchoring junctions) |
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Definition
| Fasten cells together into strong sheets. (attach muscle to muscle) |
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Term
| Gap Junctions (communicating junctions) |
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Definition
Cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells which sugars, amino acids and other small molecules can pass.
Ex Heart Muscle |
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Term
| The asymmetrical distribution of proteins, lipids. and associated carbohydrates is determined by which organelles? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| specific to substance, hydrophillic channel, change shape to shuttle across membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion (diffuses to reach equalibrium) |
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Term
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Definition
| Water traveling across a selectively permiable membrane, from low [] to high [] |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water |
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Term
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Definition
| Speeds up passive movement of molecules across the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Requires energy (ATP) to move solutes agains concentration gradient. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sodium moves from cytoplasm to extracellular fluid. Potassium opposite |
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Term
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Definition
| voltage difference across a membrane |
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Term
| Two combined forces (electrochemical gradient) drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane |
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Definition
Chemical force (ion's [])
Electrical force (effect of membrane potential) |
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Term
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Definition
| Generates voltage across a membrane (H) |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when active transport of solute indirectly drives transport of other solutes. |
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Term
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Definition
migrate to membrane, fuse, then release
take in macromolecules from plasma membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| An amoeba engulfing a bacterium (eating) |
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Term
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Definition
| Vesicles forming in a cell lining (drinking) |
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Term
| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis |
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Definition
| A coated pit with a receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| Helps mediate endocytosis |
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