Term
|
Definition
| Organize many reactions, many organelles are bound by membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer layer of cells, controls traffic in and out of the cell, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membranes are a double layer of these, hydrophilic head hydrophobic tail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by phospholipids: the hydrophilic heads face the water and the tails face each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membranes allow some substances to cross more easily than others, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| requires energy, Larger molecules and those with a charge need assistance to move across the membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| does not require energy, from higher to lower concentrations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the tendency for molecules to spread out into the available space
Ex. Food Coloring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some molecules need assistance to diffuse across the membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transport (diffusion) of water across a selectively permeable membrane, water moves to the side with less solute. |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic vs Potential Energy |
|
Definition
Kinetic=energy in movement
Potential=stored energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of potential energy stored in molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adenosine Triphosphate: carries energy for almost all work within cells in the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One ATP molecule is 1% of an entire Glucose molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins that serves as biological catalysts which increase the rate of a reaction without itself being changed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzymes help chemical reactions happen quickly and precisely, at normal cell temperatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzymes can break down substrates or bond substrates together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Microscopic openings on leaves, open and close |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thylakoid- green, membrane bound disks within chloroplasts – containing pigments
Stroma - thick, sugary fluid around thylakoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absorb photons of violet, blue and red wavelengths and reflect green and yellow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absorb photons of green blue and violet and reflect red, yellow and orange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.Split water
2. Sunlight is used to excite hydrogen electrons (from water) to high energy state
3.Photons from sunlight excites the electrons a second time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glucose is made from:
1. CO2 from the air
2. Hydrogen From Water
3. ATP from light reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Greenhouse Effect/Global Warming/Climate Change |
|
Definition
| Excessive Greenhouse Effect is called Global Warming and can lead to Climate Change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses water, CO2, energy from sun. makes glucose, releases oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glucose is broken down using waste products.
CO2 and water are released. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| takes place in the cytoplasm, Glucose is broken in half, small amount of ATP is released, then high energy hydrogen electrons are carried to ETC |
|
|
Term
| Citric Acid (Krebs Cycle) |
|
Definition
| sugar is broken down completely, then high energy hydrogen electrons carried to ETC |
|
|
Term
| ATP yield from cellular respiration |
|
Definition
2 glycolysis
2 krebs cycle
34 ETC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anaerobic alternative to aerobic respirtation
(Alcohol, Lactic Acid) |
|
|
Term
| Why cells reproduce themselves |
|
Definition
Enable a multicellular organism to grow to adult size
Replace worn out or damaged cells
Add new cells
Reproduction of the species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PMAT- Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase (Middle), Anaphase (Apart), Telophase (Two Separate Nuclei), Cytokinesis (Two Daughter Cells) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process that produces haploid egg and sperm
two stages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two Rules of pairing between Nitrogenous Bases |
|
Definition
Adenine-->Thymine (2 hydrogen bonds)
Guanine-->Cytosine (3 hydrogen bonds)
-->=bond |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a control mechanism where normal animal cells stop dividing when they come in contact with other cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal and necessary genes the regulate cell division and cell growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proto-oncogenes that have had a mutation in some part of their DNA causing them to always be turned “on” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| critical tumor suppressor gene |
|
|
