Term
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| interconnected tubes and flattened sacs |
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Term
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| begins at nucleus and winds through cytoplasm |
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Term
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| It has two regions: Rough and smooth |
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Term
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Definition
| RIbosomes attached to outer surface |
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Definition
| Ribosomes make polypeptide chains |
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Definition
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Definition
| produces lipids for cell membrane |
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Definition
| fatty acid and carbohydrate breakdown |
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Definition
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Definition
| vesicles containing proteins and lipids (from ER) fuse with Golgi bodies |
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Definition
| attach sugar side chains to proteins and lipids from er (make into proteins and enzymes) |
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Definition
| package products in vesicles |
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Definition
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Definition
| bud from golgi bodies, digest biological molecules eat old cells |
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Definition
| break down fatty acids, amino acids, has hydrogen peroxide which degrades alcohol |
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Definition
| site where cells send and receive signals or aterials or where cells attach to other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| in plants they are called plasmodesma (channel) connects cytoplasm of adjacent cells |
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Term
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Definition
| have no cell walls, surrounded by a matrix of cell seretions (carbs and proteins) |
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Term
| Three types of cell junctions in animals |
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Definition
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Definition
| link cells of body tisue (waterproof like in stomach) |
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Definition
| a junction that joins cells in skin and heart to aavoid stretching |
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Definition
| a junction that is a small open channel that link cytoplasm of adjacent cells (heart) |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of proteins and filaments between the nucleus and plasma membrane that reinforce, organize and move internal parts |
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Term
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Definition
| are composed of the protein tubulin |
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Term
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Definition
| are involved in shape, motility and cell division (move chromosoes, cloroplasts and vesicles |
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Term
| microfiliments of the cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| are composed of the protien actic |
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Term
| microfiliments of the cytoskeleton |
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Definition
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Term
| microfiliments of the cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| involved in cell cleavage and muscle contraction |
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Term
| Intermediate filiments of cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| they streghten and maintain shape of cell |
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Term
| Intermediate filiments of cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| compose the nails, animal horns and hair |
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Term
| Intermediate filiments of cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| reinforce nuclear envelope |
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Term
| __________ and ___________ grow or diminish in legnth |
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Definition
| microtubales, microfiliments |
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Term
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Definition
| _________ and __________ are involved in motor proteins that use ATP to move cell parrts, kinesin moves chloroplast towards light |
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Term
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Definition
| flagella (long whip-like) |
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Term
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Definition
| cilia (short, pseudopods) |
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Term
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Definition
| have phosphate head with two fatty acid tails, tail being hydrophobic and head being hydrophilic |
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Term
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Definition
| the cell membrane i represented as having a mixed composition inclkudign phospholipids, proteins, steroids, and glycolipids |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| produce atp through aerobic respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| have two cell membranes, outer and inner (reatews compartment for ion flow) |
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Definition
| have own DNA and ribosomes |
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Definition
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Definition
| function in photosynthesis or storage |
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Definition
| specialized for photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| have innter fluid--stroma |
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Term
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Definition
| have thylakoid membrane (flattened disked called grana, contain chlorophyll) |
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Definition
| contain their own DNA and ribosomes |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| have cartenoids (range from red to yellow, make leaves turn brown/yellow in fall) |
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Definition
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Definition
| stores amino acds, sugards, ions, toxic wastes and water (wista0 |
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Term
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Definition
| expands cells (50-90% of cell space) |
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Term
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Definition
| what groups have cell walls? |
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Term
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Definition
| protects and physically supports a cell and is pourous |
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Term
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Definition
| connects abutting cells, cellulose |
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Term
| plant cell secondary wall |
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Definition
| reinforces shape, called lignin in woody species |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure that any volume of fluid exerts against a cell wall or membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of hydrostatic pressure that can stop water from diffusing nto cytoplasmic fluid |
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Definition
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Definition
| cel's ability to aquire energy and use it to build, degrade, store and release substance in controlled ways |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 1st law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| energy cannot be created or destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| stationary objects capacity to do work |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| respiration, photosynthesis |
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Term
| 2nd law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| energy tends to flow from high energy forms to low |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of how much and how far a concentrated form of energy has been dispersed after an energy change |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that enter a reation |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that remain at the end of a reaction |
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Term
| participants in reactions are |
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Definition
| energy carriers, enzymes, cofactors |
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Term
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Definition
| energy input is required, product has more energy than starting substances (photosynthesis is ex) |
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Term
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Definition
| energy rele4ased, products have less energy than starting substances (respiratio) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| donates phospate groups to other molecules (enables them to react, accepts energy from exergtonic reations, donates energy to endergonic reactions |
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Term
| The four features of enzymes |
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Definition
| do not make anything happen that couldn't happen w/out the enzyme, the same enzyme usually works for foward and reverse reactions, each type of enzyme recognizes and binds to only specific subtrates |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| substrates dont fit perfectly so enzymes stretch/squeeze substrates into shape |
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Definition
| the point when reactions spontaneously run to product |
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Definition
| ncessary in enzyme function, accepts e-, H+ and functional groups |
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Term
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Definition
| antioxidents (neutralize free radicals, atoms with at least one unupaired electron (attack DNA structure) catalase |
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